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Yaru Li,1,* Yao Yu,2,* Fenglian Zhang,3 Meng Wang,4 Zhiqiang Kang,5 Haixia Han,1 Xiyu Wang,6 Zhigang Shi,7 Shiyi Zhang,8 Caixia Xing,9 Yaojie Niu101Nursing Department, Ordos Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Nursing, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China; 3Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China; 4Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ordos Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China; 5Rehabilitation Department, Ordos Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China; 6Clinical Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Surgery, Ordos Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China; 8School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China; 9Nursing Department, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China; 10Department of Rheumatology, Ordos Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yaojie Niu, Department of Rheumatology, Ordos Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 5, Yongning Street, Kangbashi District, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 04773115469, Email niuyaojie3j@163.com Caixia Xing, Nursing Department, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China, Email xingcaixxia@21cn.com.comObjective: To establish a scientific, systematic, and operational assessment framework for discharge preparation services of patients initiating insulin therapy, providing a standardised tool for regulating and evaluating transitional care quality for this patient group.Methods: Based on the "structure-process-outcome” three-dimensional quality model, drawing on literature, and after two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, a preliminary Delphi-based indicator system was established for the evaluation of the nursing quality of discharge preparation services for patients with first-time insulin injections.Results: Both rounds of expert questionnaire responses achieved 100% valid return rates. Expert authority coefficients were 0.953 and 0.934, with Kendall’s W values of 0.101 and 0.096. Coefficients of variation ranged from 0.048 to 0.320 and 0.066 to 0.269 (all p < 0.05). The study ultimately established three primary indicators, ten secondary indicators, and thirty tertiary indicators.Conclusion: Grounded in the "structure-process-outcome” theoretical framework, this framework comprehensively covers service foundations, implementation processes, and health outcomes. It offers a practical reference for evaluating and continuously improving discharge preparation services for first-time insulin injection patients in clinical endocrinology settings, thereby supporting the enhancement of transitional care quality.Keywords: insulin, patient discharge, evaluation studies, delphi method |