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Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) impairs muscle function and subsequent performance. While research investigating the protective role of animal-derived protein is widespread, investigations into sustainable alternatives are lacking. The present study examined the effects of a novel, salmon-derived protein peptide (SPP) on muscle recovery. In a single-blind, parallel-design, 33 recreationally active adults (age: 23.9 ± 4.0 years, body mass index: 23.7 ± 4.0) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) SPP, (b) whey protein, or (c) carbohydrate control. In addition to a controlled 1.0 g·kg body mass−1·day−1 dietary protein intake, participants consumed either 0.9 g·kg body mass−1·day−1 supplemental protein or isoenergetic carbohydrate for 4 days following EIMD (10 × 10 unilateral eccentric knee extensions). Maximal voluntary contraction, countermovement jump height, muscle soreness, thigh circumference, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were assessed at baseline and +1, +4, +24, +48, and +72 hr post EIMD. Significant time effects were observed for all variables. Countermovement jump height was greater in the SPP versus carbohydrate groups at +72 hr and across all time points when pooling the two protein groups, creating a higher protein versus normal protein group comparison. There were no significant group effects for all remaining outcomes. High-quality protein supplementation >1.0 g·kg body mass−1·day−1 appears to have only a modest effect on the rate of recovery following EIMD, with a potential role in alleviating muscle damage, particularly in the later stage of recovery. Furthermore, the SPP supplement was not inferior to a high-quality protein source (whey protein), indicating that it may represent a sustainable and effective alternative for muscle recovery. Muscle damage following unfamiliar weight training can reduce the amount of force the muscle produces, as well as increase soreness and inflammation. This means it can become more difficult to meet the demands of further exercise, which has important implications for both athletes and the general population as muscle function is important for overall health. It is generally advised that consuming enough protein can help with recovery from weight training; however, it is still unclear if it can help to improve recovery following muscle damage. It is therefore important to continue to explore whether protein supplementation can aid muscle recovery in such scenarios. Although whey protein is generally seen as the "gold standard" protein supplement to support muscle recovery, there is a growing demand for more sustainable alternatives as animal-based protein production contributes significantly to environmental degradation. Salmon protein peptide is a new protein supplement source that is produced from salmon raw material that would otherwise contribute to seafood waste. We wanted to explore whether salmon protein can aid in recovery following muscle damage when compared with whey protein. To explore this, we conducted a study where we randomly assigned 33 healthy young adults to one of three groups, consuming thrice daily salmon protein, whey protein, or a carbohydrate control (all matched for total calories). All participants consumed 1.0 g/kg of body weight of dietary protein throughout the study. The salmon and whey protein groups consumed an additional 0.9 g/kg of body weight of protein, while the carbohydrate control group consumed a calorie matched amount of a high carbohydrate supplement called maltodextrin. We also did a separate analysis where we grouped the salmon and whey protein participants together, to give us a "high" versus "normal" protein intake comparison. We measured muscle force, jump height, thigh circumference (to indicate swelling), muscle soreness, and blood markers of inflammation before inducing muscle damage in the thigh of one leg in each participant. The muscle damage was induced by performing 10 sets of 10 reverse knee extensions. We then measured all outcomes again after 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr. All outcomes were negatively affected by the damaging exercise: Muscle force and jump height were reduced, while muscle soreness, thigh circumference, and inflammation were elevated. All values had returned back to baseline by 72 hr, indicating full recovery. For most outcomes, there were no differences in the pattern of recovery between the supplement groups. However, we did observe some differences in the jump heights of participants. After 72 hr, the participants in the salmon protein group had greater jump heights compared with those in the carbohydrate control group. In addition, the pooled "high" protein group had greater jump heights than the "normal" protein group across all postbaseline time points. This may suggest that protein supplementation does play a small role later on in the muscle recovery process. Overall, these results support the notion that when people are consuming enough total calories, supplementing with protein over 1.0 g/kg of body weight has only minor effects on muscle recovery, particularly in the later stages following damaging exercise. Importantly, we also show that the salmon protein supplement was not inferior to whey protein, suggesting that it may be an effective and sustainable alternative protein source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |