Academic Journal
Influence of hematocrit-dependent blood viscosity on hemodynamics of mitral paravalvular leak.
| Τίτλος: | Influence of hematocrit-dependent blood viscosity on hemodynamics of mitral paravalvular leak. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Szumny I; AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland., Kopernik M; AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland. |
| Πηγή: | Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics [Acta Bioeng Biomech] 2026 Oct 16; Vol. 28 (3), pp. 70-80. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 16 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Sciendo Country of Publication: Poland NLM ID: 101194794 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2450-6303 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1509409X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acta Bioeng Biomech Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2023- : Warsaw, Poland : Sciendo Original Publication: Wrocław : Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 1999- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Blood Viscosity*/physiology , Mitral Valve*/physiopathology , Hemodynamics*/physiology , Mitral Valve Insufficiency*/physiopathology, Hematocrit ; Humans ; Stress, Mechanical ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Computer Simulation ; Hemolysis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis |
| Περίληψη: | Purpose: Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a pathological condition that may arise following prosthetic mitral valve implantation and is characterized by regurgitant blood flow through a gap between the prosthetic valve ring and the native cardiac tissue. High-velocity flow jets generated within the leak region may produce elevated shear stresses capable of inducing mechanical damage to erythrocytes and subsequent hemolysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of blood viscosity, modulated by hematocrit variability, on flow characteristics and hemolytic potential in mitral PVL. Methods: A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to simulate pulsatile blood flow through mitral PVL channel. The model included a time-varying left ventricular geometry, a kinematically constrained left atrium, and a simplified representation of a mechanical mitral valve with a localized paravalvular defect. Multiple physiological hematocrit levels were considered to account for viscosity variations. Non-Newtonian rheological behavior of blood was incorporated to capture shear-dependent viscosity effects. Results: The simulations showed a strong dependence of shear stress on hematocrit. Increasing hematocrit led to higher effective viscosity, resulting in elevated shear stress levels within the PVL jet. A near-linear relationship between hematocrit and maximum shear stress was observed, with stress values exceeding the hemolysis threshold at higher hematocrit levels. Additionally, higher hematocrit values resulted in earlier onset of critical shear stress conditions. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that hematocrit significantly influences hemodynamic conditions and hemolysis risk in mitral PVL. (© 2026 Igor Szumny and Magdalena Kopernik, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology.) |
| References: | Gbadago, B. K., Antiaye, J., Boachie, J., Adu, P., Drinking recommended daily water significantly alters haemato-biochemical parameters in prospective blood donors; a one-center quasi-experimental study in a tropical setting, Blood Cell Mol. Dis., 2023, 102: 102757, 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102757 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102757) Starodumov, I., Makhaeva, K., Zubarev, A., Bessonov, I., Sokolov, S., Mikushin, P., Alexandrov, D., Chestukhin, V., Blyakhman, F., Modeling of local hematocrit for blood flow in stenotic coronary vessels, Fluids, 2023, 8: 230, 10.3390/fluids8080230 . (PMID: 10.3390/fluids8080230) Kozłowski, M., Wojtas, K., Orciuch, W., Smolka ,G., Wojakowski, W., Makowski, Ł., Computational fluid dynamics simulations of mitral paravalvular leaks in the human heart, Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging, 2023, 24(1): jead119.349, 10.1093/ehjci/jead119.349 . (PMID: 10.1093/ehjci/jead119.349) Lytra, T., Kalogeras, K., Ninios, V., Spargias, K., Dardas, P., Vavuranakis, M., Long-term study of patients undergoing transcatheter paravalvular leak closure for hemolysis, J. Invasive Cardiol., 2025, 37(11): 123, 10.25270/jic/25.00123 . (PMID: 10.25270/jic/25.00123) Kozłowski, M., Wojtas, K., Orciuch, W., Jędrzejek, M., Smolka, G., Wojakowski, W., Makowski, Ł, Potential applications of computational fluid dynamics for predicting hemolysis in mitral paravalvular leaks, J. Clin. Med., 2021, 10(24): 5752, 10.3390/jcm10245752 . (PMID: 10.3390/jcm10245752) Kozłowski, M., Wojtas, K., Orciuch, W., Smolka, G., Wojakowski, W., Makowski, Ł, Parameters of flow through paravalvular leak channels from computational fluid dynamics simulations-data from real-life cases and comparison with a simplified model, J. Clin. Med., 2022, 11(18): 5355, 10.3390/jcm11185355 . (PMID: 10.3390/jcm11185355) Su, C., Jin, D., Liu, G., Li, S., Gui, X., Characteristics and hemolysis analysis of centrifugal blood pumps under different speed modulations, Front. Physiol., 2025, 16: 1575971, 10.3389/fphys.2025.1575971 . (PMID: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1575971) Boyd, J., Buick, J. M., Green, S., Analysis of the casson and Carreau-Yasuda non-Newtonian blood models in steady and oscillatory flow using the lattice Boltzmann method, Phys. Fluids, 2007, 19(9): 093103. 10.1063/1.2772250 . (PMID: 10.1063/1.2772250) Liu, H., Lan, L., Abrigo, J., Ip, H. L., Soo, Y., Zheng, D., Wong, K. S., Wang, D., Shi, L., Leung, T. W., Leng, X., Comparison of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid models in blood flow simulation in patients with intracranial arterial stenosis, Front. Physiol., 2021, 12: 718540, 10.3389/fphys.2021.718540 . (PMID: 10.3389/fphys.2021.718540) Wajihah, S. A., Sankar, D. S., A review on non-Newtonian fluid models for multi-layered blood rheology in constricted arteries, Arch. Appl. Mech., 2023, 93: 1771–1796, 10.1007/s00419-023-02368-6 . (PMID: 10.1007/s00419-023-02368-6) Tyfa, Z., Reorowicz, P., Obidowski, D., Jóźwik, K., Influence of fluid rheology on blood flow haemodynamics in patient-specific arterial networks of varied complexity – in-silico studies, Acta Mech. Autom., 2023, 18(1): 8–21. 10.2478/ama-2024-0002 . (PMID: 10.2478/ama-2024-0002) Trejo-Soto, C., Hernández-Machado, A., Normalization of blood viscosity according to the hematocrit and the shear rate, Micromachines, 2022, 13(3): 357, 10.3390/mi13030357 . (PMID: 10.3390/mi13030357) Moreno, N., Korneev, K., Semenov, A., Topuz, A., John, T., Lettinga, M. P., Ellero, M., Wagner, C., Fedosov, D. A., Aggregation and disaggregation of red blood cells: Depletion versus bridging, Biophys. J., 2025, 124(8): 1285–1297, 10.1016/j.bpj.2025.03.007 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.bpj.2025.03.007) Hoque, S. Z., Anand, D. V., Patnaik, B. S. V., A dissipative particle dynamics simulation of a pair of red blood cells in flow through a symmetric and an asymmetric bifurcated microchannel, Comput. Part. Mech., 2022, 9(6): 1219–1231. 10.1007/s40571-021-00453-7 . (PMID: 10.1007/s40571-021-00453-7) Truchel, K., Wojtas, K., Marchel, M., Orciuch, W., Makowski, Ł, Numerical validation of the applicability of the simplified ventricular model in the analysis of hemolysis in the mitral paravalvular leak, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 2025, 13: 1714076, 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1714076 . (PMID: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1714076) Faghih, M. M., Craven, B. A., Sharp, M. K., Practical implications of the erroneous treatment of exposure time in the Eulerian hemolysis power law model, Artif. Organs., 2023,47: 1531–1538, 10.1111/aor.14543 . (PMID: 10.1111/aor.14543) Giannokostas, K., Moschopoulos, P., Varchanis, S., Dimakopoulos, Y., Tsamopoulos, J., Advanced constitutive modeling of the thixotropic elasto-visco-plastic behavior of blood: description of the model and rheological predictions, Materials, 2020, 13: 4184, 10.3390/ma13184184 . (PMID: 10.3390/ma13184184) Harikrishnan, G., Akhil, V. M., Rajan, R., Charbel, T., Effects of blood hematocrit on cerebral aneurysm flow dynamics and rupture risk assessment: a computational study based on modified Carreau-Yasuda model, Results Eng., 2025, 27: 106026. 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106026 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106026) Lee, C. A., Paeng, D. G., Spatiotemporal blood viscosity by local hematocrit under pulsatile flow: Whole blood experiments and computational analysis, Comput. Biol. Med., 2025, 198: 111253, 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.111253 . (PMID: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.111253) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CBC Analysis Dataset, Available: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/muhammedsamir/cbcanalysis-dataset/data. Sriram, K., Intaglietta, M., Tartakovsky, D. M., Non-Newtonian flow of blood in arterioles: consequences for wall shear stress measurements, Microcirculation, 2014, 21(7): 628–639, 10.1111/micc.12141 . (PMID: 10.1111/micc.12141) Chastain, M. A., Russo, G. G., Boh, E. E., Chastain, J. B., Falabella, A., Millikan, L. E., Propylthiouracil hypersensitivity: Report of two patients with vasculitis and review of the literature, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1999, 41: 757–764, 10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70013-7. (PMID: 10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70013-7) Lam, B. K., Cosgrove, D. M., Bhudia, S. K., Gillinov, A. M., Hemolysis after mitral valve repair: Mechanisms and treatment, Ann. Thorac. Surg., 2004, 77: 191–195, 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)01455-3. (PMID: 10.1016/s0003-4975(03)01455-3) Lara, J. P., Santana, Y., Gaddam, M., Ali, A., Malik, S., Khaja, M., Diclofenac-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with concomitant complement dysregulation: a case report and review of the literature, J. Med. Case Rep., 2019, 13: 190, 10.1186/s13256-019-2097-5 . (PMID: 10.1186/s13256-019-2097-5) Piek, C. J., Canine idiopathic immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia: A review with recommendations for future research, Vet. Quart., 2011, 31: 129–141, 10.1080/01652176.2011.604979 . (PMID: 10.1080/01652176.2011.604979) Ansys Inc., Ansys Fluent User’s Guide Release 2024 R1, Canonsburg: Ansys Inc., 2024. Tait, P. G., Report of some of the physical properties of fresh water and sea-water, The Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Physics and chemistry, 1888, 2. Varghese, S. S., Frankel, S. H., Numerical modeling of pulsatile turbulent flow in stenotic vessels, J. Biomech. Eng., 2003, 125(4): 445–460, 10.1115/1.1589774 . (PMID: 10.1115/1.1589774) Seo, J. H., Vedula, V., Abraham ,T., Mittal, R., Multiphysics computational models for cardiac flow and virtual cardiography, Int. J. Numer. Method. Biomed. Eng., 2013, 29(8): 850–869, 10.1002/cnm.2556 . (PMID: 10.1002/cnm.2556) Wojtas, K., Kozłowski, M., Orciuch, W., Makowski, Ł Computational fluid dynamics simulations of mitral paravalvular leaks in human heart, Materials, 2021, 14(23): 7354, 10.3390/ma14237354 . (PMID: 10.3390/ma14237354) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Blood viscosity; Computational fluid dynamics; Hematocrit; Mitral valve; Paravalvular leak; Shear stress |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20261017 Date Completed: 20261017 Latest Revision: 20261017 |
| Update Code: | 20261018 |
| DOI: | 10.37190/abb/231653 |
| PMID: | 42891542 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 2450-6303 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.37190/abb/231653 |