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Can bilingual readers process language membership of multiple words in parallel?

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Τίτλος: Can bilingual readers process language membership of multiple words in parallel?
Συγγραφείς: Koc A; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. aybora.koc@vub.be., Xheladini A; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium., Declerck M; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
Πηγή: Attention, perception & psychophysics [Atten Percept Psychophys] 2026 Oct 13; Vol. 88 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 13.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101495384 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1943-393X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19433921 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Atten Percept Psychophys Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2011- : New York : Springer
Original Publication: Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Pattern Recognition, Visual*/physiology , Multilingualism* , Reading* , Psycholinguistics*, Humans ; Young Adult ; Reaction Time ; Female ; Male
Περίληψη: We examined whether bilingual readers can extract language membership information from multiple words at once. Dutch-English bilinguals completed a lexical decision task in a flankers paradigm, with viewing times manipulated either to constrain (50 ms) or allow (170 ms) sequential reading. The findings revealed reliable congruency effects (i.e., slower on the central target word when the flankers were presented in a different language than when they were presented in the same language) in 170 ms, but this effect disappeared when the stimulus was presented for 50 ms. The pattern indicates limited parallel extraction of language membership information across multiple words. OPEN PRACTICES STATEMENT: The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in OSF ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MX2NU ). The stimuli, trial-level data for both experiments, and the analysis code are provided in this repository link. The study was not preregistered.
(© 2026. The Psychonomic Society, Inc.)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consents: Participants gave informed consent for participation and publication of the results through the experiment software in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Study approval was obtained by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Competing interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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Grant Information: SRP88 Strategic Research Program of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Bilingualism; Language membership; Parallel processing; Serial reading; Visual word processing
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20261013 Date Completed: 20261014 Latest Revision: 20261013
Update Code: 20261014
DOI: 10.3758/s13414-026-03334-4
PMID: 42870133
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1943-393X
DOI:10.3758/s13414-026-03334-4