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The effects of universal parental support programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Τίτλος: The effects of universal parental support programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Haglund L; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden., Lovén C; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden., Öst LG; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden., Herlitz A; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden., Enebrink P; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden. pia.enebrink@ki.se.
Πηγή: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2026 Sep 28; Vol. 26 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 28.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Parents*/psychology , Parenting*/psychology , Social Support*, Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Family Support ; Program Evaluation ; Parent-Child Relations
Περίληψη: Background: There are few current comprehensive meta-analyses and systematic reviews of the literature on universal parental support programs. The aim of this meta-analysis was therefore to examine the effects of universal parental support programs on children's externalizing and internalizing problems, as well as on parental mental health, and to evaluate the possible importance of theoretical frameworks in achieving better outcomes.
Methods: The meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials of universal parental support programs for parents to children and adolescents aged 2-17 years. A search in five databases was conducted from inception to December 2020 and updated in April 2024. The abstracts and subsequent full-text articles were independently reviewed by two pairs of authors, resulting in 31 original studies (36 articles) with a total of 7635 participants. To evaluate risk of bias, we used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.
Results: Small positive short-term effects were obtained for the included universal parental support programs on parental ratings of children's externalizing (d = 0.18: 95% CI 0.07-0.29) and internalizing problems (d = 0.16: 95% CI 0.03-0.30), parental stress (d = 0.22: 95% CI 0.04-0.40) and parental depression (d = 0.13: 95% CI 0.01-0.25). Subgroup analyses showed that significant effects on primary outcomes were only found when interventions were compared to waitlist, not to an active control group. The long-term between-group effects were positive but small and non-significant. Most of the programs were based on social learning theory, no differences emerged between programs with different theoretical frameworks.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicates that universal parental support programs, when compared to waitlist only, may have a small positive impact on children's externalizing and internalizing problems as well as on parental stress and depression in the short time frame.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable, as no individual data from participants have been managed. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Children; Externalizing problems; Internalizing problems; Meta-analysis; Parenting; Universal parental support program
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20261013 Date Completed: 20261013 Latest Revision: 20261014
Update Code: 20261014
PubMed Central ID: PMC13656496
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-026-28844-6
PMID: 42864621
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1471-2458
DOI:10.1186/s12889-026-28844-6