Effect of dietary inclusion of rumen-protected flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) on intake, ingestive behavior, diet particle selectivity, digestibility, nitrogen balance, and blood parameters of lambs.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Effect of dietary inclusion of rumen-protected flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) on intake, ingestive behavior, diet particle selectivity, digestibility, nitrogen balance, and blood parameters of lambs.
Συγγραφείς:	Gilles S; Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Pereira Filho JM; Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Barros LS; Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., de Lucena KHOS; Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., do Nascimento RR; Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Pereira GA; Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Oliveira RL; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170155, Brazil., Bessa RJB; Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, 1300-477, Portugal., de Melo Vaz AF; Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Bezerra LR; Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil. leilson@ufpi.edu.br.
Πηγή:	Tropical animal health and production [Trop Anim Health Prod] 2026 Oct 10; Vol. 58 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 10.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 1277355 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-7438 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00494747 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Trop Anim Health Prod Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Publication: 2005- : Heidelberg : Springer Original Publication: Edinburgh, Livingstone.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Linseed Oil/administration & dosage , Linseed Oil/metabolism , Digestion/drug effects , Nitrogen/metabolism , Feeding Behavior/drug effects , Sheep, Domestic/physiology , Sheep, Domestic*/blood, Animal Feed/analysis ; Diet/veterinary ; Eating/drug effects ; Animals ; Male ; Rumen ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Random Allocation
Περίληψη:	This study evaluated the effects of rumen-protected flaxseed oil (RPFO; 30% flaxseed free oil and 70% carnauba wax) on intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, and blood parameters in crossbred male lambs (Santa Inês × mixed breed). Fifty lambs (20.5 ± 3.0 kg; five months old) were assigned to a completely randomized design with five treatments: control, 4% and 8% free oil, and 4% and 8% RPFO (n = 10 per treatment). Flaxseed free oil inclusion, regardless of form, significantly affected intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, and nitrogen metabolism (P < 0.05). Lambs fed 8% free oil showed the lowest (P = 0.009) dry matter intake (DMI), whereas 4% RPFO resulted in the highest DMI. Crude protein and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (aNDFom) intakes decreased (P < 0.05) with 8% free oil, while control, 4% free oil, and 8% RPFO showed higher intake and feed efficiency. Average daily gain was lowest with 8% free oil (169 g/day). Free oil reduced rumination time and fiber eating efficiency (P < 0.01), while RPFO (4%) improved chewing activity and fiber utilization. Animals receiving free oil showed greater rejection of coarse particles (P < 0.01), whereas RPFO maintained more uniform particle selection and physically effective fiber intake. Nutrient digestibility generally decreased with oil inclusion, especially with RPFO at 4% (P < 0.05). Nitrogen intake was reduced with 8% free oil and 4% RPFO, while urinary N excretion increased with RPFO (P < 0.001), resulting in lower N retention efficiency at 4% RPFO. Blood biochemical parameters were not affected (P > 0.05). The RPFO mitigated negative effects of unsaturated lipids on rumen function, whereas high free oil reduced intake and performance. However, RPFO levels tested did not improve overall efficiency, indicating the need for further optimization. (© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests:	Declarations. Ethics approval for animal use: All procedures followed the guidelines recommended by the National Ethical Committee for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA, Brazil) for the use of animals (Approval Protocol Number 09/2024). Consent to participate: This manuscript is part of the academic thesis of the author Bernardin Fonrose defended in the Graduate Program in Science and Animal Health at the Federal University of Campina Grande. All authors consent to the publication of this manuscript. Competing interests: The authors affirm the absence of any financial conflicts of interest or personal affiliations that could be construed as having biased the conduct or interpretation of the research presented herein.
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Grant Information:	306920/2023-9 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; 406734/2022-4 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Encapsulation; Flaxseed oil; Oil; Physically effective fiber; Ruminants
Substance Nomenclature:	8001-26-1 (Linseed Oil) N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20261010 Date Completed: 20261010 Latest Revision: 20261013
Update Code:	20261013
PubMed Central ID:	PMC13653812
DOI:	10.1007/s11250-026-05406-x
PMID:	42859289
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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Περιγραφή
ISSN:	1573-7438
DOI:	10.1007/s11250-026-05406-x