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Removal of Heavy Metals From Aqueous Solutions Using Biochar Derived From Agricultural Waste: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Cost Analysis.

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Τίτλος: Removal of Heavy Metals From Aqueous Solutions Using Biochar Derived From Agricultural Waste: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Cost Analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Dang TT; Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam., Le TTY; Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.; Institute of Energy Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam., Nguyen TC; Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Πηγή: Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation [Water Environ Res] 2026 Oct; Vol. 98 (10), pp. e70602.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Wiley Subscription Services on behalf of The Water Environment Foundation Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9886167 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1554-7531 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10614303 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Water Environ Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley Subscription Services on behalf of The Water Environment Foundation
Original Publication: Alexandria, VA : The Federation, c1992-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Charcoal*/chemistry , Metals, Heavy*/chemistry , Metals, Heavy*/isolation & purification , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/isolation & purification , Water Purification*/methods , Water Purification*/economics , Waste Disposal, Fluid*/methods , Waste Disposal, Fluid*/economics, Kinetics ; Adsorption ; Agriculture ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Costs and Cost Analysis
Περίληψη: This study evaluates the adsorption performance and mechanisms of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) removal from water using coconut-fiber-derived biochar (CFBC). The physicochemical properties of CFBC were characterized by proximate and ultimate analyses, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and determination of the point of zero charge (pHpzc). Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and competing metal ions on removal efficiency. Under optimal conditions, removal efficiencies reached 88.21%-93.48% after 480 min at a CFBC dose of 5 g/L and pH 6.0-7.0. Competitive adsorption decreased the equilibrium adsorption capacities of all four metals, with the adsorption selectivity following the order Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II). Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using four models: pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion, and the Boyd model. In addition, adsorption isotherms were evaluated using both linear and nonlinear forms of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The results indicate that the PSO model best describes the adsorption kinetics. Within the investigated range, adsorption proceeds through a complex process involving simultaneous intraparticle diffusion and film diffusion. Equilibrium data fit the Langmuir model best, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities (qmax, mg/g) of Pb(II) (35.95 ± 2.94), Cu(II) (26.73 ± 1.39), Cd(II) (19.22 ± 1.36), and Zn(II) (18.90 ± 2.45). Cost analysis suggests that CFBC is a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent, indicating strong potential for application in the treatment of heavy-metal-contaminated wastewater.
(© 2026 Water Environment Federation.)
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: adsorption; biochar; environmentally friendly technique; metals; wastewater treatment
Substance Nomenclature: 16291-96-6 (Charcoal)
0 (Metals, Heavy)
0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
0 (biochar)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20261004 Date Completed: 20261005 Latest Revision: 20261007
Update Code: 20261008
DOI: 10.1002/wer.70602
PMID: 42830402
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1554-7531
DOI:10.1002/wer.70602