Academic Journal
Tissue-resident memory T cells in the nasal mucosa: gatekeepers of chronicity and relapse in allergic rhinitis.
| Τίτλος: | Tissue-resident memory T cells in the nasal mucosa: gatekeepers of chronicity and relapse in allergic rhinitis. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Han X; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.; ShenShan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shanwei, China., Li F; Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China., Yang Q; Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China., Liu C; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China., Ruan Y; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.; Lingnan Institute of Otolaryngology, Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China., He W; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China., Li C; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China., Chen T; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China., Huang B; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China., Liu G; ShenShan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shanwei, China.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China., Feng W; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. |
| Πηγή: | Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2026 Sep 18; Vol. 17, pp. 1955001. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 18 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation] |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Nasal Mucosa*/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic*/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic*/therapy , Memory T Cells*/immunology , Immunologic Memory*, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Humans ; Chronic Disease ; Animals ; Recurrence |
| Περίληψη: | Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a pervasive type-2 inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucosa whose clinical course is defined less by acute flares than by recurrence and apparent resistance to cure. Although AR has traditionally been framed as a systemic, IgE-driven disease, a growing body of evidence points to the nasal mucosa itself as a site of durable, antigen-specific immune memory. Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells - non-recirculating, longevity-endowed lymphocytes that lodge in barrier tissues - are ideally positioned to convert transient allergen exposure into persistent inflammation. This mini review synthesizes human and preclinical evidence that nasal TRM cells, including Th2-polarized CD4+ subsets and a recently described pathogenic CD8+ subset (first characterized in recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, CRSwNP), constitute a credible - but still largely hypothetical - cellular substrate for AR chronicity and post-immunotherapy relapse. We propose that the 2025 discovery of granzyme K (GZMK)-expressing CD8+ memory T cells driving recurrent airway inflammation (Lan et al., Nature 2025) provides a translatable framework for understanding AR relapse. We note that direct, high-resolution human evidence for nasal TRM in pure AR remains limited; accordingly, we integrate findings from CRSwNP, lower-airway disease, and animal models as a translatable evidence base and explicitly flag where each conclusion is established versus hypothetical. We outline how targeting TRM retention, phenotype, or effector molecules could complement allergen immunotherapy. (Copyright © 2026 Han, Li, Yang, Liu, Ruan, He, Li, Chen, Huang, Liu and Feng.) |
| Competing Interests: | The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: allergen immunotherapy; allergic rhinitis; chronicity; nasal mucosa; relapse; tissue-resident memory T cells; type 2 immunity |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20261003 Date Completed: 20261003 Latest Revision: 20261005 |
| Update Code: | 20261005 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13631566 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1955001 |
| PMID: | 42827710 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1664-3224 |
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| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1955001 |