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The causal relationship between diabetes mellitus and hashimoto thyroiditis: A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.

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Τίτλος: The causal relationship between diabetes mellitus and hashimoto thyroiditis: A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Song Y; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.; Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China., He Y; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China., Qin L; Department of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China., Liu T; Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Πηγή: Medicine [Medicine (Baltimore)] 2026 Oct 02; Vol. 105 (40), pp. e50886.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985248R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-5964 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00257974 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Medicine (Baltimore) Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Hagerstown, Md : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Hashimoto Disease*/genetics , Hashimoto Disease*/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*/complications , Mendelian Randomization Analysis*, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Humans ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Linkage Disequilibrium
Περίληψη: This study aims to investigate the genetic correlation and potential causal relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), and to assess the effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on HT risk, with the goal of informing thyroid-function monitoring in patients with DM and improving HT management. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to estimate the genetic correlation between DM and HT. We then performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to evaluate potential causal effects of DM subtypes on HT. We selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) and applied the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method along with complementary sensitivity analyses to estimate causal effects. We assessed heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and identified outlier SNPs with MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier). We used the MR-Egger intercept to test for directional pleiotropy. Finally, we performed a leave-one-out analysis to evaluate whether any single SNP unduly influenced the MR estimates. LDSC showed a significant negative genetic correlation between DM and HT (rG = -0.3285, SE = 0.062, P = 1.20 × 10-7), with evidence of nonzero SNP heritability (h2P < .005). In two-sample MR analyses of DM overall, the IVW estimate suggested increased HT risk in UK Biobank (OR = 7.26, 95% CI = 1.95-27.11, P < .05) and was directionally consistent in FinnGen (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02-1.14, P < .05). Subtype-specific MR analyses supported a causal effect of T2DM on HT (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.05-1.16, P < .05), whereas there was no evidence for a causal effect of T1DM (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.97-1.12, P > .05). We provide genetic support for a causal relationship between T2DM liability and higher HT risk, with no evidence of a direct causal effect for T1DM. These findings motivate periodic thyroid-function assessment and integrated endocrine-metabolic care in T2DM, and warrant multi-ancestry and mechanistic studies to refine risk prediction and identify actionable biology.
(Copyright © 2026 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, LLC.)
Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Grant Information: B20055 Discipline Innovation and Intelligence Introduction Base for Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications with Traditional Chinese Medicine
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Causal Relationship; Diabetes; Hashimoto Thyroiditis; Mendelian Randomization
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20261002 Date Completed: 20261002 Latest Revision: 20261005
Update Code: 20261005
PubMed Central ID: PMC13633012
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000050886
PMID: 42826295
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1536-5964
DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000050886