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Altered semantic prediction error processing with increasing schizotypal and autistic traits.

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Τίτλος: Altered semantic prediction error processing with increasing schizotypal and autistic traits.
Συγγραφείς: Sterner EF; School of Medicine and Health, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. elisabeth.sterner@tum.de.; School of Medicine and Health, TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. elisabeth.sterner@tum.de.; Department of Experimental Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany. elisabeth.sterner@tum.de., Demler VF; School of Medicine and Health, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; School of Medicine and Health, TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Lenz R; School of Medicine and Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., MacGregor LJ; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Mathys C; Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Knolle F; School of Medicine and Health, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. franziska.knolle@tum.de.; School of Medicine and Health, TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. franziska.knolle@tum.de.
Πηγή: Translational psychiatry [Transl Psychiatry] 2026 Sep 30; Vol. 16 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 30.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101562664 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2158-3188 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21583188 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Transl Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: New York, NY : Nature Pub. Group
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Autism Spectrum Disorder*/physiopathology , Autism Spectrum Disorder*/psychology , Comprehension*/physiology , Schizophrenia*/physiopathology , Autistic Disorder*/physiopathology , Schizotypal Personality Disorder*/physiopathology , Semantics*, Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Humans ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Bayes Theorem
Περίληψη: Predictive processing has been proposed as a framework for symptom development in autism (ASD) and schizophrenia (SSD) spectrum disorders, with ASD being associated with an overweighting of (low-level) sensory evidence whereas SSD is characterized by an overweighting of (high-level) prior beliefs, both resulting in altered prediction error processing. This study investigated these hypotheses and their electrophysiological correlates in subclinical expressions of ASD and SSD during language processing. Participants completed an auditory comprehension task that manipulated the precision of high-level semantic prior beliefs and low-level sensory evidence. Hierarchical Bayesian belief-updating modeling and electroencephalography were used to examine whether imbalances in the weighting of prior beliefs and sensory evidence were reflected in altered processing of semantic prediction errors, characterized by mean N400 amplitudes. Computational modeling revealed that increasing schizotypal traits were associated with significant overweighting of prior beliefs, while autistic traits did not show a significant shift. Linear mixed-effect models of mean N400 amplitudes indicated that schizotypy-related overweighting of semantic prior beliefs was reflected in a reduced semantic prediction error signal, indexed by smaller N400 differences between high predictability sentences and both low predictability and high predictability mismatch sentences. A similar but weaker and less distinct pattern emerged for increasing autistic traits. These findings provide converging computational and electrophysiological support for overweighting of semantic prior beliefs with increasing subclinical schizotypy. In contrast, increasing autistic traits were not associated with overweighting of sensory evidence, with electrophysiological results instead suggesting subtle alterations in the weighting of semantic prior beliefs.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics: The study was approved by the Ethics Commission of the Technical University of Munich (approval number 2023/270 S-KH). All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
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Grant Information: 529207886 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260930 Date Completed: 20260930 Latest Revision: 20260930
Update Code: 20261001
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-026-04479-4
PMID: 42816505
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:2158-3188
DOI:10.1038/s41398-026-04479-4