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Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Responses to Concurrent Training With Polyphenols in Ageing Adults: A Randomized Trial.

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Τίτλος: Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Responses to Concurrent Training With Polyphenols in Ageing Adults: A Randomized Trial.
Συγγραφείς: Guadalupe-Grau A; GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Grupo Mixto de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Exitoso UCLM-SESCAM (TEC2022-007), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Toledo, Spain., Gudra D; Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia., Lismane D; Laboratory of Sports and Nutrition Research, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia., Raudeniece J; Laboratory of Sports and Nutrition Research, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.; Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia., Akuratere G; Laboratory of Sports and Nutrition Research, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia., Viksne K; Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia., Gailite L; Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia., Vilne B; Bioinformatics Group, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia., Pivovarova-Ramich O; Department of Molecular Metabolism and Precision Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany., Flensted-Jensen M; Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Dela F; Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Reihmane D; Laboratory of Sports and Nutrition Research, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.; Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia.
Πηγή: Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle [J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle] 2026 Oct; Vol. 17 (5), pp. e70391.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101552883 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2190-6009 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21905991 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2015- : Berlin : John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders
Original Publication: Heidelburg : Springer-Verlag
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Polyphenols*/pharmacology , Polyphenols*/administration & dosage , Muscle, Skeletal*/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal*/drug effects , Transcriptome*/drug effects , Aging*/genetics, Resistance Training/methods ; Humans ; Aged ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Double-Blind Method
Περίληψη: Background: Transcriptomic adaptations of ageing skeletal muscle to concurrent resistance training (RT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) remain insufficiently characterized. We investigated the effects of a 12-week concurrent RT + HIIT intervention on the vastus lateralis transcriptome in middle-aged and older adults and whether polyphenol supplementation modulated these responses.
Methods: Thirty-eight adults (55-70 years; 17 polyphenol [PP], 21 placebo [PLA]) with paired skeletal muscle RNA-sequencing data participated in a randomized, double-blind trial. Participants completed a 30-day supplementation phase followed by a 12-week supervised RT + HIIT programme with continued supplementation. Muscle biopsies were obtained before (PRE) and after (POST) training. Differential expression analyses were adjusted for age, sex and muscle fibre type composition. Differential expression was assessed using FDR ≤ 0.05, with |log2FC| > 1 applied as an additional effect-size criterion.
Results: Baseline transcriptomic differences between PP and PLA groups were minimal, with three FDR-significant transcripts, of which only HMOX1 additionally exceeded |log2FC| > 1 (FDR = 0.011; log2FC = 1.16). The group-by-time interaction analysis identified 14 FDR-significant transcripts, of which eight additionally exceeded |log2FC| > 1; these signals were characterized by low or sparse expression and high inter-individual variability, without a coherent supplementation-related transcriptional response. In the pooled paired PRE-POST analysis, 60 transcripts reached FDR significance, of which seven additionally exceeded |log2FC| > 1, including upregulation of CLLU1 (log2FC = 3.10; FDR = 0.0155), PRND (log2 log2FC = 2.60; FDR = 0.02) and LOX, and downregulation of MYH1 (log2FC = -1.3; FDR = 0.0001). Most FDR-significant transcripts showed relatively small estimated effect sizes, and functional enrichment analyses did not identify robust pathway-level adaptations.
Conclusions: In middle-aged and older adults, 12 weeks of concurrent RT + HIIT induced a predominantly low-magnitude skeletal muscle transcriptional response. Selected transcript-level changes were consistent with processes related to extracellular matrix remodelling and contractile regulation; however, the absence of robust pathway-level enrichment limits conclusions regarding coordinated biological pathway adaptations. Polyphenol supplementation did not meaningfully influence the transcriptional response to exercise training.
(© 2026 The Author(s). Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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Grant Information: 5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/005 RSU internal and RSU with LSPA external consolidation; RSU/LSPA-PA-2024/1-0007 RSU internal and RSU with LSPA external consolidation; 01.04.2024.-31.03.2026 Systemic and muscle tissue-specific metabolic adaptations to EXercise and POlyphenol supplementation in ageing: modulatory effects of SEstrins (EXPOSE); Center for Healthy Aging and from Asiros Nordic (Sorø, Denmark)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: ageing; polyphenols; skeletal muscle transcriptomics; training
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Polyphenols)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260925 Date Completed: 20260925 Latest Revision: 20261005
Update Code: 20261006
PubMed Central ID: PMC13613424
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.70391
PMID: 42788414
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:2190-6009
DOI:10.1002/jcsm.70391