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Trace metal concentrations in soil, leaves, and fruits of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivated in home gardens.

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Τίτλος: Trace metal concentrations in soil, leaves, and fruits of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cultivated in home gardens.
Συγγραφείς: Dulik A; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland., Rojek J; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland., Monastyrska A; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland., Hałdys F; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland., Tomecka M; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland., Jamuła M; Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland., Świsłowski P; Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland. pawel.swislowski@uni.opole.pl., Rajfur M; Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.
Πηγή: Environmental monitoring and assessment [Environ Monit Assess] 2026 Sep 24; Vol. 198 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 24.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8508350 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2959 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01676369 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Monit Assess Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 1998- : Dordrecht : Springer
Original Publication: Dordrecht, Holland ; Boston : D. Reidel Pub. Co., c1981-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Rubus*/chemistry , Soil Pollutants*/analysis , Fruit*/chemistry , Metals*/analysis , Environmental Monitoring*, Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Soil/chemistry ; Gardens ; Poland
Περίληψη: Red raspberry fruits are widely consumed, and raspberry leaves are used in herbal preparations; therefore, trace-metal occurrence in home-garden plants is relevant to environmental monitoring and food-safety screening. This study characterised Cu, Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Fe in matched soil, leaf, and fruit samples from Polish sites. Concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave-assisted digestion. Observations were paired by site and several Cd, Pb, and Ni results were below the method quantification limit (MQL), matrix differences were evaluated with Friedman tests and exact paired Wilcoxon tests, while detection frequencies were analysed separately. Significant matrix effects were found for all elements (Kendall's W = 0.195-0.854). Middle-bound medians for Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe followed the order soil > leaves > fruits. Quantified-result frequencies differed among matrices for Cd, Pb, and Ni. No targeted soil-plant concentration correlation remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction. Soil pH was negatively associated with the fruit bioaccumulation factor for Mn (Spearman's ρ =  - 0.724, q = 0.004), but not with the other tested factors. For a 100-g portion of fresh raspberries, lower-, middle-, and upper-bound estimates were 0, 2.4, and 4.9 µg for Cd and 0, 13.1, and 26.3 µg for Pb. These estimates are screening scenarios rather than compliance results because moisture was assumed and more than half of the fruit Cd and Pb observations were censored.
(© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Competing Interests: Declarations: All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors. Ethics approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Cadmium; Environmental monitoring; Food safety; Lead; Soil contamination; Soil–plant transfer
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Soil Pollutants)
0 (Metals)
0 (Soil)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260924 Date Completed: 20260924 Latest Revision: 20261008
Update Code: 20261009
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-026-15962-2
PMID: 42782561
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1573-2959
DOI:10.1007/s10661-026-15962-2