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Phenotypic divergence is driven by mobile genetic elements in a heritable insect symbiont.

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Τίτλος: Phenotypic divergence is driven by mobile genetic elements in a heritable insect symbiont.
Συγγραφείς: Panossian B; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom., Kolp MR; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996., Wu T; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom., Tallapragada K; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599., Patel V; Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602., Goldstein EB; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996., Oliver KM; Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602., Henry LM; School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom., Parker BJ; Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
Πηγή: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Sep 29; Vol. 123 (39), pp. e2607226123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 21.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Symbiosis*/genetics , Aphids*/microbiology , Aphids*/genetics , Interspersed Repetitive Sequences*/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae*/genetics, Plasmids/genetics ; Animals ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal
Περίληψη: Heritable microbes profoundly influence insect biology, yet the traits they confer often evolve rapidly and differ among closely related symbiont strains. Despite their importance, we lack a clear understanding of how novel traits arise in symbionts and how this diversity influences host ecology in nature. The aphid facultative symbiont Regiella insecticola is ideally suited to address this question due to strong lineage-specific variation in host benefits. By generating 20 high-quality genomes, we found that Regiella's evolution is driven largely by gene gains mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). A plasmid (pRILSR1) encoding a type IV secretion system and a highly expressed predicted effector has spread horizontally between distantly related Regiella clades associated with pea aphids. Notably, only pRILSR1-bearing strains confer protection against the fungal pathogen Pandora neoaphidis. Moreover, loss of the plasmid by a protective strain in culture resulted in the loss of protection, indicating that pRILSR1 is required for the defensive phenotype. In a multiyear field study, pRILSR1 frequency varied systematically among host plant-associated pea aphid populations and predicted differences in symbiont-mediated fungal resistance. Together, our results show that gain and loss of a single MGE contributes to divergence in a key adaptive trait, providing a mechanism by which symbiont evolution generates phenotypic differences among host populations.
Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.
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Grant Information: IOS2152954 US NSF; R35GM154800 US NIH; BB/W001632/1 UK BBSRC; DBI2109440 US NSF
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: horizontal gene transfer; mobile genetic elements; pathogenic fungi; symbiosis
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260921 Date Completed: 20260921 Latest Revision: 20261001
Update Code: 20261001
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2607226123
PMID: 42766741
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2607226123