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Validation of neurodevelopmental assessments for early detection of high-risk infants in Zimbabwe: protocol for the Child Development Observation study (ChiDO study).

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Τίτλος: Validation of neurodevelopmental assessments for early detection of high-risk infants in Zimbabwe: protocol for the Child Development Observation study (ChiDO study).
Συγγραφείς: Mudawarima L; Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Harare Province, Zimbabwe., Santos N; Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Chimhini GL; Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Harare Province, Zimbabwe., Mujuru HA; Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Harare Province, Zimbabwe., Magonya R; Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Harare Province, Zimbabwe., Ghosh R; Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Martin-Herz SP; Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Susanne.MartinHerz@ucsf.edu.; Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
Πηγή: BMJ paediatrics open [BMJ Paediatr Open] 2026 Sep 19; Vol. 10 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 19.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Validation Study
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101715309 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2399-9772 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23999772 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Paediatr Open Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BMJ Publishing Group, [2017]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Neurodevelopmental Disorders*/diagnosis , Neurodevelopmental Disorders*/etiology , Asphyxia Neonatorum*/complications , Developmental Disabilities*/diagnosis , Child Development*, Humans ; Zimbabwe ; Infant ; Prospective Studies ; Longitudinal Studies ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Neurodevelopment ; Male ; Resource-Limited Settings ; Child, Preschool ; Research Design ; Risk Assessment
Περίληψη: Introduction: Appropriate neurodevelopmental assessment tools are often unavailable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to lack of validation, cost and cultural-linguistic challenges. This reduces the availability of high-quality developmental evaluation, resulting in clinical gaps that impact individual child outcomes and modifiable risk detection for prevention. The objective of this study is to validate three neurodevelopmental assessment tools for early detection in low-resource settings through recruitment of infants across the neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) risk spectrum related to perinatal asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy (NE).
Methods: This prospective, longitudinal cohort study in Harare, Zimbabwe will collect data at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months. The sample of approximately 600 caregiver-infant dyads will include: (1) infants without clinical concern for perinatal asphyxia or other complications (low risk); (2) infants who do not cry at birth and require resuscitation but do not have NE (moderate risk) and (3) infants who experience NE (high risk). In addition to demographic, antenatal and perinatal data collected at enrolment, neurodevelopmental assessments to be conducted include the Prechtl General Movement Assessment (GMA); Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE); Global Scales for Early Development (GSED); Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and caregiver-reported Ages and Stages Questionnaire. At the 24-month visit, a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for NDI will be conducted adhering to international guidance. Predictive ability of all tools will be assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, including area under the ROC curve. Construct validity of the GSED will be assessed by comparing to the MSEL. The GSED's ability to differentiate subgroups defined by correlates of NDI risk will be assessed using generalised estimating equations.
Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approvals have been obtained. If shown to be valid, the GMA and HINE could provide earlier, feasible and low-cost detection of children at elevated risk for NDI.
(© World Health Organization 2026. Licensee BMJ.)
Competing Interests: Competing interests: SPMH serves as a technical advisor for the World Health Organization Brain Health Unit which oversees and coordinates research and programming related to the Global Scales for Early Development. All other authors have no competing interest to declare.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Child Health; Children; Low and Middle Income Countries; Rehabilitation
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260919 Date Completed: 20260919 Latest Revision: 20260925
Update Code: 20260925
PubMed Central ID: PMC13599960
DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004460
PMID: 42763110
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:2399-9772
DOI:10.1136/bmjpo-2025-004460