Academic Journal
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Piper betle leaf methanol extract: Larvicidal, pupicidal, and smoke toxicity activities against Aedes aegypti and impact on goldfish predation efficiency.
| Τίτλος: | Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Piper betle leaf methanol extract: Larvicidal, pupicidal, and smoke toxicity activities against Aedes aegypti and impact on goldfish predation efficiency. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Agalya S; Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India., Pavithra K; Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India., Karthik M; Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, India., Priyadharshini KM; Department of Zoology, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India. Electronic address: priyadharshini@psgcas.ac.in. |
| Πηγή: | Micron (Oxford, England : 1993) [Micron] 2027 Jan; Vol. 208, pp. 104104. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 03. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9312850 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-4291 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09684328 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Micron Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, c1993- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Zinc Oxide*/pharmacology , Zinc Oxide*/chemistry , Aedes*/drug effects , Plant Extracts*/chemistry , Plant Extracts*/pharmacology , Insecticides*/pharmacology , Piper betle*/chemistry , Nanoparticles*/chemistry, Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Larva/drug effects ; Green Chemistry Technology/methods ; Pupa/drug effects ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Animals ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Smoke ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Survival Analysis ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission |
| Περίληψη: | Mosquito-borne illnesses, including dengue and chikungunya, pose significant global health risks, with Aedes aegypti resistance to synthetic insecticides increasingly limiting control efficacy. This study investigated an environmentally friendly approach to vector management via the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) employing Piper betle leaf extract, and evaluated their mosquitocidal activity. Characterization of ZnO NPs was conducted using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. A prominent UV-Vis absorption peak at 420 nm indicated nanoparticle formation. FTIR spectra confirmed functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfonate) implicated in reduction and stabilization processes. SEM images showed uniformly distributed, rod-shaped ZnO NPs with sizes of 1-5 nm; EDX analysis verified zinc as the major elemental component. Larvicidal and pupicidal assessments against A. aegypti revealed concentration-dependent mortality: P. betle extract displayed LC₅₀ values of 253.17-440.74 ppm for various larval instars, while ZnO NPs exhibited greater toxicity (LC₅₀: 189-363 ppm). Pupal LC₅₀ was 492.86 ppm for the extract and 464.4 ppm for ZnO NPs. High predation efficiency (93.1%) of Carassius auratus (goldfish) was maintained in control setups, with minor reduction post-nanoparticle treatment. Smoke toxicity assays showed P. betle-based coil formulations induced 57% adult mosquito mortality within 40 min, indicating strong fumigant potency. These findings suggest P. betle-mediated ZnO NPs as a stable, cost-effective, and eco-safe alternative for sustainable A. aegypti control, supporting their application in integrated vector management strategies. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Green synthesis; Larvicidal activity; Piper betle; Vector control; Zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| Substance Nomenclature: | SOI2LOH54Z (Zinc Oxide) 0 (Plant Extracts) 0 (Insecticides) 0 (Smoke) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260912 Date Completed: 20261009 Latest Revision: 20261009 |
| Update Code: | 20261010 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.micron.2026.104104 |
| PMID: | 42731359 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1878-4291 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.micron.2026.104104 |