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Changes in Glutathione and Homocysteine Concentrations in Treatment-Resistant Depression After Electroconvulsive Therapy.

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Τίτλος: Changes in Glutathione and Homocysteine Concentrations in Treatment-Resistant Depression After Electroconvulsive Therapy.
Συγγραφείς: Permoda-Pachuta A; Department of Neuroses, Personality Disorders and Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Ziemecki P; Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland., Dorszewska J; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland., Dominiak M; Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Gędek A; Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Πηγή: Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research [Med Sci Monit] 2026 Sep 10; Vol. 32, pp. e952203. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 10.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: International Scientific Information, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9609063 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1643-3750 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 12341010 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Med Sci Monit Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2014- : Smithtown, NY : International Scientific Information, Inc.
Original Publication: Warsaw, Poland : Medical Science International
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Glutathione*/blood , Electroconvulsive Therapy*/methods , Homocysteine*/blood , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/therapy , Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant*/blood, Bipolar Disorder/blood ; Bipolar Disorder/therapy ; Major Depressive Disorder/therapy ; Major Depressive Disorder/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Oxidative Stress ; Aged
Περίληψη: BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatment for drug-resistant depression, but the search for reliable biological predictors of its efficacy remains in-conclusive. Glutathione and homocysteine have been proposed as potential markers of oxidative stress involvement in mood disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data and collected serum samples from 54 patients with treatment-resistant depression (46.3% with major depressive disorder, 53.7% with bipolar disorder) who had undergone a series of bilateral ECT. Serum concentrations of glutathione and homocysteine were measured before and after treatment. Patients were anesthetized with thiopental or thiopental combined with ketamine. Clinical improvement was assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS ECT significantly reduced Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores (P<0.0001). No significant changes were observed in serum glutathione or homocysteine concentrations after treatment, and no correlations were found between biomarker levels and clinical response, remission, or anesthetic type. However, patients with bipolar disorder showed consistently higher glutathione levels than those with unipolar disorder (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Neither homocysteine nor glutathione levels were associated with ECT response, suggesting limited utility of these markers as predictors of clinical outcome. Elevated glutathione in patients with bipolar disorder may suggest potential biological differences between mood disorder subtypes; however, further prospective studies are required to confirm this observation. Further studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of oxidative stress markers in ECT.
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Substance Nomenclature: GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine)
0 (Biomarkers)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260910 Date Completed: 20260910 Latest Revision: 20260918
Update Code: 20260918
PubMed Central ID: PMC13580163
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.952203
PMID: 42721112
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1643-3750
DOI:10.12659/MSM.952203