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Feasibility of Spin- and Gradient-Echo Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI for Microvascular Characterization at 7 Tesla.

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Title: Feasibility of Spin- and Gradient-Echo Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI for Microvascular Characterization at 7 Tesla.
Authors: van der Werff KN; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; TU Delft, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft, the Netherlands.; Medical Delta, Delft, the Netherlands., van Dorth D; C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands., Venugopal K; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Warnert EAH; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Poot DHJ; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Vos FM; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; TU Delft, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft, the Netherlands., Smits M; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Medical Delta, Delft, the Netherlands.; Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Klein S; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Quarles CC; Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA., Hernandez-Tamames JA; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; TU Delft, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft, the Netherlands.; Brain Tumor Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Koekkoek JAF; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands., de Bresser J; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands., van Osch MJP; Medical Delta, Delft, the Netherlands.; C. J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Source: NMR in biomedicine [NMR Biomed] 2026 Oct; Vol. 39 (10), pp. e70380.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8915233 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1099-1492 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09523480 NLM ISO Abbreviation: NMR Biomed Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Chichester : Wiley
Original Publication: London : Heyden & Son, 1988-
MeSH Terms: Contrast Media*/chemistry , Microvessels*/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging* , Spin Labels*, Glioma/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Female ; Feasibility Studies ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Aged ; Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Adult
Abstract: Perfusion MRI, especially dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), is vital for glioma diagnosis and monitoring. While gradient-echo DSC is the current recommended implementation, combined spin- and gradient-echo (SAGE) DSC additionally allows for vessel size imaging (VSI) and has shown feasibility for microvascular characterization at 3 T. Higher field strength MRI offers increased contrast, resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, providing potential to improve microvascular characterization. This feasibility study aimed to implement a protocol for SAGE-DSC at 7 T and study its potential for microvascular characterization. SAGE-DSC was acquired in eight patients undergoing treatment for glioma (four females, median age 57 years) at 3 and 7 T. Data were analyzed using the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and by comparing perfusion maps, VSI and vascular architectural imaging (VAI). Simulations were performed to study the relationship between vessel size and INLINEMATH for SAGE-DSC at 3 and 7 T. Contrast agent dosage could be reduced while maintaining higher CNR at 7 T (but lower tSNR). Assessment by an experienced neuroradiologist showed similar rCBV map quality at 3 and 7 T. VSI maps showed the same normal-appearing gray-to-white matter ratios while in-plane resolution improved at least 52% at 7 T. VAI hysteresis loops at both field strengths traversed the same counter-clockwise direction, with increased loop areas reflecting increased susceptibility effects at 7 T. Simulations confirmed the higher sensitivity of gradient-echo and the higher specificity of spin-echo to the microvasculature, with peak spin-echo specificity moving from 3 μm at 3 T towards 1.5 μm at 7 T. This study confirmed the feasibility of using SAGE-DSC at 7 T for microvascular characterization. rCBV and VSI maps show similar behavior while allowing for reduced contrast agent dosage and improved resolution. The spin-echo specificity shifted towards smaller vessel radii for increasing field strengths. These findings form the basis for exploration and validation in larger patient populations.
(© 2026 The Author(s). NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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Grant Information: 17079 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: 7 Tesla (7 T); dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC); glioma; perfusion; spin‐ and gradient‐echo (SAGE); vascular architectural imaging (VAI); vessel size imaging (VSI)
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Contrast Media)
0 (Spin Labels)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260903 Date Completed: 20260903 Latest Revision: 20260905
Update Code: 20260905
PubMed Central ID: PMC13538972
DOI: 10.1002/nbm.70380
PMID: 42687357
Database: MEDLINE
Description
ISSN:1099-1492
DOI:10.1002/nbm.70380