Academic Journal
Global regulation, application categories, toxicological safety, and analytical methodologies of selenium nutritional fortifiers: a critical review.
| Τίτλος: | Global regulation, application categories, toxicological safety, and analytical methodologies of selenium nutritional fortifiers: a critical review. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Li H; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China., Liu H; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China., Wang D; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China., Deng Z; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China., Li H; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China. Electronic address: lihongyan@ncu.edu.cn. |
| Πηγή: | Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) [Food Res Int] 2026 Oct 31; Vol. 242 (Pt 3), pp. 120019. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 12. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Published on behalf of the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology by Elsevier Applied Science Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 9210143 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7145 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09639969 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Res Int Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada : Published on behalf of the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology by Elsevier Applied Science, c1992- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Dietary Supplements*/adverse effects , Dietary Supplements*/analysis , Dietary Supplements*/supply & distribution , Food, Fortified*/analysis , Selenium*/administration & dosage , Selenium*/analysis , Selenium*/supply & distribution , Selenium Compounds*/administration & dosage , Selenium Compounds*/supply & distribution , Selenium Compounds*/toxicity, Animals ; Humans |
| Περίληψη: | Dietary selenium deficiency, driven primarily by geochemical heterogeneity in soil bioavailable selenium, remains a widely recognized public health concern in multiple regions, with food fortification representing one of the main strategies for addressing selenium insufficiency. In this review, the classification, physicochemical properties, metabolic fate, toxicological profiles, global regulatory frameworks, and analytical detection methodologies of mainstream selenium food fortifiers are systematically reviewed and critically discussed. A key conclusion of this review is that selenium speciation serves as a fundamental determinant of the nutritional efficacy, toxicological safety, and industrial applicability of selenium nutritional fortifiers. Specifically, inorganic selenium sources, despite low cost and long-standing use, are constrained by a narrow therapeutic window and intrinsic oxidative reactivity; organic selenium forms are commonly used as fortifiers due to their relatively higher absorption efficiency and systemic retention compared with inorganic forms, although their safety profiles remain compound-dependent and may involve limitations such as compositional heterogeneity and potential risks of chronic accumulation. Selenium nanoparticles are considered promising delivery systems; however, their industrial application remains limited by insufficient chronic safety data and a lack of standardized evaluation frameworks. Furthermore, this review suggests that conventional total selenium quantification may not fully capture selenium speciation relevant to safety assessment in fortified foods, and that cross-regional regulatory differences may pose challenges for the harmonization of selenium fortification practices. Overall, this work provides an integrated framework to support the rational design, standardized regulation, and improved evaluation of selenium food fortifiers. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Bioavailability; Selenium deficiency; Selenium detection; Selenium nutritional fortifiers; Toxicological safety |
| Substance Nomenclature: | H6241UJ22B (Selenium) 0 (Selenium Compounds) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260901 Date Completed: 20260904 Latest Revision: 20260904 |
| Update Code: | 20260904 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.120019 |
| PMID: | 42680316 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1873-7145 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.120019 |