Academic Journal
The role of torso rotation in pedestrian injury risk during emergency avoidance: A multi-method study integrating volunteer experiments, inverse kinematic reconstruction, and parametric simulation.
| Τίτλος: | The role of torso rotation in pedestrian injury risk during emergency avoidance: A multi-method study integrating volunteer experiments, inverse kinematic reconstruction, and parametric simulation. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Shang S; School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing, China.; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing, China., Zhou Z; School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China., Li Q; Xingan Technology (Hebei Xiong'an) Co., Ltd, Xiong'an, China., Tierney G; School of Engineering, Ulster University, Belfast, UK., Tang L; School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing, China.; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing, China., Wang Q; School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing, China.; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing, China., Zhou Q; School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Nie B; School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. |
| Πηγή: | Traffic injury prevention [Traffic Inj Prev] 2026 Aug 25, pp. 1-10. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 25. |
| Publication Model: | Ahead of Print |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Inc Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101144385 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-957X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15389588 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Traffic Inj Prev Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis, Inc., c2002- |
| Περίληψη: | Objective: Pedestrian avoidance behaviors and impact postures significantly influence injury risk and severity in vehicle-pedestrian collisions. However, this relationship remains inadequately understood due to limited access to pedestrian kinematic data in hazardous situations and a lack of empirical research on emergency responses at the moment of impact. This study aimed to quantify how naturalistic avoidance postures affect head and chest injury outcomes compared with normal walking, and to identify the key torso posture parameters that govern injury risk. Methods: Motion‑capture data from a previously published VR‑based experiment, in which volunteers performed emergency avoidance behaviors, were used in this study. The recorded marker trajectories were processed through OpenSim inverse kinematics to reconstruct posture transitions and compute three‑dimensional torso orientation using Euler angles (R1: bending, R2: extension, R3: rotation about the vertical axis). A quantitative staging criterion based on inter‑leg angle changes was applied to distinguish walking from avoidance phases. Extracted postures were then incorporated into MADYMO multibody simulations to evaluate injury outcomes across impact speeds of 20-50 km/h. Head injury was assessed using HIC Results: Emergency avoidance actions produced complex and rapidly evolving posture trajectories. Compared with normal walking, avoidance postures significantly reduced HIC Conclusions: Avoidance postures generally reduce head injury risk compared with normal walking, although this protective effect diminishes as impact speed increases and does not extend consistently to chest injury metrics. Torso rotation about the vertical axis (R3) is the most influential postural parameter governing injury outcomes, correlating strongly with head injury risk at higher speeds and producing divergent effects on chest injury metrics. These findings provide quantitative biomechanical evidence that pedestrian protection systems should account for the diversity of real‑world avoidance configurations rather than relying solely on standardized walking postures. R3 shows potential as a real‑time predictor of head injury risk in pre‑crash scenarios. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Pedestrian safety; avoidance behavior; impact posture; injury risk; motion capture; torso angle variation |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260825 Latest Revision: 20260825 |
| Update Code: | 20260826 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/15389588.2026.2718494 |
| PMID: | 42641069 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1538-957X |
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| DOI: | 10.1080/15389588.2026.2718494 |