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Prophage Activation Triggers Extracellular Synthesis of DNA in Bacterial Biofilms via Rolling Circle Replication.

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Τίτλος: Prophage Activation Triggers Extracellular Synthesis of DNA in Bacterial Biofilms via Rolling Circle Replication.
Συγγραφείς: Minero GAS; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Mørkholt Lund L; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Hyldgaard Klausen L; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Center of Electromicrobiology (CEM), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Ajunwa OM; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Center of Electromicrobiology (CEM), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Dong M; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Center of Electromicrobiology (CEM), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Meyer RL; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Birkedal V; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Thormann K; Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany.
Πηγή: Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) [Angew Chem Int Ed Engl] 2026 Oct 05; Vol. 65 (41), pp. e3695434. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 24.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Wiley-VCH Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0370543 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1521-3773 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14337851 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2004-> : Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Original Publication: Weinheim/Bergstr. : New York, : Verlag Chemie ; Academic Press, c1962-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Bacillus subtilis*/virology , Bacillus subtilis*/genetics , Bacillus subtilis*/physiology , Bacillus subtilis*/metabolism , Shewanella*/virology , Shewanella*/genetics , Shewanella*/physiology , Prophages*/physiology , DNA, Bacterial*/biosynthesis , Biofilms*, DNA Replication ; Extrachromosomal DNA ; G-Quadruplexes
Περίληψη: Extracellular DNA (eDNA) plays crucial roles in biofilm formation and function, yet the role of bacteriophages, which can exist in a dormant state as prophages, in controlling eDNA synthesis, structure, and activity remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that prophages harbored by environmental bacteria can be exploited for synthesis of programmable eDNA superstructures with a distinct function. We designed a custom circular template and used it to direct rolling circle replication of G-quadruplex (GQ) motifs in Shewanella oneidensis and Bacillus subtilis. Under nutrient-limiting conditions, prophage activation and proliferation triggered cell lysis and subsequent eDNA synthesis, producing multimeric GQ concatemers that self-assembled into spherical (≤10 µm) and wire-like (>50 µm) superstructures in S. oneidensis and B. subtilis, respectively. Real-time monitoring using fluorescent reporter strains revealed that DNA synthesis occurred predominantly after bacterial lysis, coinciding with prophage replication. The resulting eDNA superstructures enhanced the electrochemical properties of S. oneidensis and exhibited peroxidase activity through GQ-hemin DNAzyme formation in S. oneidensis and B. subtilis cocultured biofilm. This work unveils a previously unknown mechanism by which prophages contribute to biofilm architecture and establishes a novel biotechnological platform for engineering functional DNA materials in living bacterial communities with potential applications in synthetic biology.
(© 2026 The Author(s). Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
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Grant Information: 00050284 Villum Foundation; 00069632 Villum Foundation; 2032-00294B Danish council for independent research; NNF20OC0061417 Novo Nordisk Foundation; CF20-0364 Carlsberg Foundation; 101086226-ENSIGN Horizon Europe Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Center for Integrated Materials Research (Aarhus University)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; DNA replication; G‐quadruplex deoxyribozyme; Shewanella oneidensis; bacterial lysis control; biofilm engineering; extracellular DNA synthesis; molecular machines; prophage; rolling circle replication
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Extrachromosomal DNA)
0 (DNA, Bacterial)
SCR Organism: Shewanella oneidensis
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260825 Date Completed: 20261005 Latest Revision: 20261007
Update Code: 20261007
PubMed Central ID: PMC13638115
DOI: 10.1002/anie.3695434
PMID: 42638202
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.3695434