Academic Journal
Co-encapsulated urease and glucose oxidase in polyelectrolyte microcapsules for simultaneous glucose and urea determination.
| Τίτλος: | Co-encapsulated urease and glucose oxidase in polyelectrolyte microcapsules for simultaneous glucose and urea determination. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Kim AL; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, Puschino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. Electronic address: kimerzent@gmail.com., Musin EV; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, Puschino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. Electronic address: eglork@gmail.com., Tikhonenko SA; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, Institutskaya St., 3, Puschino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. Electronic address: tikhonenkosa@gmail.com. |
| Πηγή: | Analytica chimica acta [Anal Chim Acta] 2026 Oct 15; Vol. 1419, pp. 345902. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 30. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0370534 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4324 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00032670 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anal Chim Acta Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier Original Publication: Amsterdam. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Glucose Oxidase*/chemistry , Glucose Oxidase*/metabolism , Urease*/chemistry , Urease*/metabolism , Urea*/analysis , Glucose*/analysis , Polyelectrolytes*/chemistry, Capsules/chemistry ; Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry ; Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism ; Humans |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Clinical monitoring of metabolic disorders requires stable tools for simultaneous analyte detection. However, conventional free-enzyme assays suffer from rapid degradation, poor operational stability, and single-use limitations. Herein, we report a novel bi-enzymatic diagnostic system based on the rational co-encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOx) and urease within polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMCs) for the simultaneous determination of glucose and urea. Results: Fabricated via layer-by-layer assembly, the PMCs achieved high enzyme loading (73 ± 2% for GOx and 93 ± 5% for urease). Co-encapsulation significantly reduced the GOx Michaelis constant from 10.1 to 2.5 mM. The system exhibited linear ranges of 0.5-3.0 mM (glucose) and 1-40 mM (urea), covering clinically relevant concentrations. It maintained performance for over 61 measurement cycles and a 27-day shelf-life at room temperature. Direct analysis of human saliva revealed that the PMCs effectively shield enzymes from matrix interferences, yielding significantly lower data dispersion and higher reproducibility than standard Clark-electrode and Berthelot reference methods. Significance: By combining multi-cycle reusability, room-temperature stability, and enhanced precision in raw biological fluids, this co-encapsulation strategy overcomes the fundamental trade-offs of traditional immobilization. The developed PMCs provide a robust, cost-effective, and comprehensive platform for point-of-care metabolic diagnostics and non-invasive monitoring, establishing a generalizable framework for future multi-enzymatic biosensing applications. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Bienzymatic; Co-encapsulation; Diagnostic system; Glucose oxidase; Multiplex detection; Polyelectrolyte microcapsules; Urease |
| Substance Nomenclature: | EC 1.1.3.4 (Glucose Oxidase) EC 3.5.1.5 (Urease) 8W8T17847W (Urea) 0 (Capsules) IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) 0 (Enzymes, Immobilized) 0 (Polyelectrolytes) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260819 Date Completed: 20260819 Latest Revision: 20260827 |
| Update Code: | 20260827 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345902 |
| PMID: | 42618110 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1873-4324 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.aca.2026.345902 |