Measuring the composition and availability of human resources for health by sex in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023, and workforce gaps for universal health coverage: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Measuring the composition and availability of human resources for health by sex in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023, and workforce gaps for universal health coverage: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.
Συλλογικό Έργο:	GBD 2023 Human Resources for Health Collaborators
Πηγή:	The Lancet. Public health [Lancet Public Health] 2026 Sep; Vol. 11 (9), pp. e604-e629.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Elsevier, Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101699003 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2468-2667 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: [Oxford] : Elsevier, Ltd., [2016]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Health Workforce/statistics & numerical data , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Universal Health Insurance* , Global Health*, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Global Burden of Disease
Περίληψη:	Background: Understanding the size, gender composition, and cadre mix of the health workforce and how it has evolved across time and locations can inform policies for planning, recruitment, training, and retention of human resources for health (HRH), and improvement of access to the health-care workforce among populations. Using comparable and standardised data sources, we aim to describe the composition and density of health workers by sex among 20 cadres for 204 countries and territories over 1990-2023 and quantify workforce shortfalls relative to universal health coverage (UHC) attainment. Methods: We used 1816 country-years of data from population-based surveys, 82 from censuses, 3888 from administrative sources, and 96 from scientific literature. We harmonised reported occupation in all sources with the International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008. We produced estimates for 20 cadres and the total health workforce disaggregated by sex using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, a standardised method in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study. Finally, stochastic frontier meta-regression was used to estimate the minimum density of doctors, nurses and midwives, dentists, and pharmacists required to reach a score of 80 out of 100 on the UHC effective coverage index. Findings: In 2023, there were 122·1 million (95% uncertainty interval 115·4-130·5) health workers across 20 cadres, an increase of 81·2 million (72·0-90·5) or 198·5% (161·9-245·6) relative to 1990. Of that total, there were 15·1 million (13·1-18·2) doctors, 33·2 million (30·8-36·3) nurses, 2·4 million (2·0-2·9) midwives, and 7·6 million (6·7-8·6) community health workers (CHWs). 68·9% (66·9-70·6) of all health workers in 2023 were female, and female health workers accounted for 71·4% (64·5-77·4) of net HRH workforce growth. Less than half of doctors were female (43·9%, 34·5-53·2) and most nurses (80·7%, 76·2-83·1), midwives (96·0%, 83·9-98·5), and CHWs (89·5%, 83·6-93·7) were female. Substantial differences in HRH density remained into 2023: sub-Saharan Africa had the lowest HRH densities across cadres, with the exception of CHWs, while high-income countries had the highest HRH densities. To reach 80 out of 100 on the UHC index, an additional 7·1 million (6·6-7·5) doctors, 23·9 million (21·8-26·1) nurses and midwives, 1·8 million (1·6-1·9) dentists, and 1·6 million (1·4-1·9) pharmacists are required globally. Interpretation: The global health workforce has expanded substantially since 1990, largely due to women entering the formal health workforce. However, this expansion has been uneven across regions and persistent shortfalls remain in doctors, nurses and midwives, dentists, and pharmacists relative to moderate UHC attainment. Addressing these gaps will require expansion of training capacity, retention and remuneration policies for early-career workers, and gender-responsive workforce arrangements. Funding: Gates Foundation. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests:	Declaration of interests C Agostinis Sobrinho reports grants or contracts from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal (grant: CEECINST/00093/2021/CP2815/CT0001 https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECINST/00093/2021/CP2815/CT0001 and grant: https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/PRR/06185/2025) outside the submitted work. M Aslam reports grants or contracts from Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund (XMUMRF): grant number XMUMRF/2025-C15/ITCM/0006 (project title: Therapeutic and Toxicity Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Herbs for NAFLD: Exploring the Inter-Organelle Contact Sites Modulation Theory; role: co-investigator; dates: January, 2025–December, 2027 [ongoing]), grant number XMUMRF/2023-C11/ISEM/0041 (project title: Children's Rights Education in the Early Years of Divorce: An Exploration of Adolescents’ Perspectives; role: co-investigator; dates: January, 2023–December, 2025 [ongoing]), and grant number XMUMRF/2026-C17/ITCM/0007; project title: Olfactory Stimulation and Autonomic Regulation in Menstrual Disorders; role: co-investigator; dates: January, 2026–December, 2028 [ongoing]) outside the submitted work (all internal XMUMRF research grants administered by Xiamen University Malaysia; funds disbursed to institutional research account only; no salary, honoraria, or personal payments to author). R Bai reports support for the present manuscript from the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education (number 2023JYBZDSYS012). O C Baltatu reports support for the present manuscript from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Fellowship and from Anima Institute (AI) Research Professor Fellowship; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Managing Partner, VividiWise Analytics and as Biotech Advisory Board Member, São José dos Campos Technology Park – CITE outside the submitted work. S Bhaskar reports grants or contracts from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI; grant ID: 23KF0126) and from JSPS and the Australian Academy of Science (JSPS International Fellowship; grant ID: P23712); payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Japan Stroke Society, Japan (honoraria for invited keynote presentation at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Stroke Society, Osaka) and from Semey Medical University, Kazakhstan (honorarium for invited professorship and teaching course in neurocardiovascular therapy, Semey Medical University, Kazakhstan); support for attending meetings and/or travel from Japan Stroke Society, Japan (travel award for invited keynote presentation at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Stroke Society, Osaka) and from Asialink, the University of Melbourne (travel support for opening invited keynote at 31st Asialink Leaders Foundation Week Program 2026, Melbourne); leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as District Chair, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Belonging, Rotary District 9675, Sydney, Australia and as Chair, Founding Member and Manager, Global Health & Migration Hub Community, Global Health Hub Germany, Berlin, Germany and as Editorial Board Member, PLOS One, BMC Neurology, Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers in Stroke, Frontiers in Public Health, Journal of Aging Research, Neurology International, Diagnostics, and BMC Medical Research Methodology and as Member, College of Reviewers, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Government of Canada and as Director of Research, World Headache Society, Bengaluru, India and as Expert Adviser/Reviewer, Cariplo Foundation, Milan, Italy and as Visiting Director, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan and as Member, Scientific Review Committee, Cardiff University Biobank, Cardiff, UK and as Chair, Rotary Reconciliation Action Plan and as Healthcare and Medical Adviser, Japan Connect, Osaka, Japan outside the submitted work. F Cohen reports consulting fees from Pfizer, AbbVie, and Axsome; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Pfizer, AbbVie, and Axsome outside the submitted work. A Faro reports support for the present manuscript from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil; CNPq Research Fellow). N Fullman reports other financial or non-financial interests from Gates Foundation (NF received funding for work related to childhood vaccination since 2024) and from Gates Ventures (NF received funding for work related to childhood vaccination since 2020) outside the submitted work. A Hassan reports consulting fees from Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Biologix, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Merz, Roche, Merck, Hikma Pharma, Janssen, Inspire Pharma, Future Pharma, Elixir Pharma (payments were made to AH); payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Novartis, Allergan, AbbVie, Merck, Biologix, Viatris, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer, AstraZeneca, Hikma Pharma, Al Andalus, Chemipharm, Lundbeck, Elixir, EvaPharma, Inspire Pharma, Future Pharma and Habib Scientific Office, and Everpharma (payments were made to AH); support for attending meetings and/or travel from Novartis, Allergan, Merz, Pfizer, Merck, Biologix, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer, Hikma Pharma, Chemipharm, and Al Andalus and Clavita Pharma (payments were made to AH); leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as President of MENA Headache Society, Board member of Multiple Sclerosis chapter of the Egyptian Society of Neurology, Board member of Headache Chapter of the Egyptian Society of Neurology, Member of Committee of Education of the International Headache Society (IHS), membership committee of IHS, and regional committee of IHS outside the submitted work. I Ilic reports support for the present manuscript from Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (number 451-03-137/2025-03/200110). N E Ismail reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Bursar and Council member, Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Malaysia (unpaid); Committee Member, Malaysian Pharmacists Society Education Chapter Committee (unpaid); Deputy President, Information Technology Service Management Forum, Malaysian Chapter (unpaid); outside the submitted work. J J Jozwiak reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Novartis, Adamed, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, Novo Nordisk, and MSD (all personal fees) outside the submitted work. K Krishan reports other financial or non-financial interests—non-financial support from the UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, awarded to the Department of Anthropology, and RUSA 2.O grant awarded by the Ministry of Education to Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, outside the submitted work. M-C Li reports grants or contracts from National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC 113-2314-B-003-002) and from National Taiwan Normal University (“Higher Education Sprout Project”); leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Technical Editor, Journal of the American Heart Association outside the submitted work. J Liu reports support for the present manuscript from the Prevention and Control of Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases—National Science and Technology Major Project (2025ZD01900800), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Z24004), and the National Natural Science Foundation (72474005). R J Maude reports support for the present manuscript from Wellcome Trust (This research was funded in part, by the Wellcome Trust [315982/Z/24/Z]. For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. This grant provides core funding for Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research and contributes to RM's salary. RM is requested by Wellcome to include this text in the funding statement and cover letter of all manuscripts on which RM is a coauthor). S Nomura reports support for the present manuscript from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (grant number: 24H00663). B Oancea reports support for the present manuscript from UEFISCDI (project PN-IV-P6-6.1-CoEx-2024-0196, contract number 17/2.03.2026) and from the Romanian National Research, Development, and Innovation Plan 2022-2027 (project PNRR/2022/C9/MCID/I8 PROJECT CODE: 842027778, CF 68, PROJECT 760096). S K Panda reports support for the present manuscript from Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University; payment of salary); grants or contracts from file number 17-59/2023-24/CCRH/Tech./Coll./ICMR-Diabetes/960 (as Co-Investigator) and from file number HS/RC/393 (as Principal Investigator) outside the submitted work. R Passera reports participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board as Member of the Data Safety Monitoring Board for the clinical trial “Consolidation with ADCT-402 (loncastuximab tesirine) after immunochemotherapy: a phase II study in BTKi-treated/ineligible Relapse/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) patients” – FIL, Fondazione Italiana Linfomi, Alessandria, Italy (no payment received); leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Member of the EBMT Statistical Committee, European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Paris, France and as Member of the FIL Statistical Committee, Fondazione Italiana Linfomi, Alessandria, Italy and as Past member 2020–2023 (biostatistician) of the IRB/IEC Comitato Etico AO SS. Antonio e Biagio Alessandria-ASL AL-VC, Italy (all no payment received) outside the submitted work. V C F Pepito reports grants or contracts from St Luke's Medical Center Health Equity and Research Foundation (institutional grant to conduct research on measuring and understanding geographic inequities in physician distribution in the Philippines) and from St Luke's Medical Center Foundation Inc. (Individual contract to design and implement the St Luke's Community Physician Scholarship and Placement Program) outside the submitted work. S Saleem reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan; outside the submitted work. F Shahkarami reports grants or contracts from Tehran University of Medical Sciences (FS was a researcher at TUMS and received payments and research grants from the university [until 2024]) and from Arena Life Science Co. (FS is a researcher at this pharmaceutical company and receives payments as an employee [since 2025]) outside the submitted work. V Sharma reports other financial or non-financial interests—support from DFSS (MHA)'s research project (DFSS28(1)2019/EMR/6) at Department of Forensic Science (formerly Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, RUSA 2.0 grant to Panjab University and PAIR grant (ANRF/PAIR/2025/000006/PAIR) to Panjab University from ANRF, outside the submitted work. C Simpson reports grants or contracts from HRC (New Zealand), Ministry of Health (New Zealand), Royal Society of New Zealand, MBIE (New Zealand), and Chief Scientist Office (UK), all grants to institution; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as NZ Government Data Ethics Advisory Group Chair (renumerated under the NZ Cabinet Fees Framework) outside the submitted work. J A Singh reports consulting fees from ROMTech, Atheneum, ClearView Healthcare Partners, Yale, Hulio, Horizon Pharmaceuticals/DINORA, ANI/Exeltis USA Inc., SOBI Pharmaceuticals, Frictionless Solutions, Schipher, Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Two labs Inc., Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care Options, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, and Practice Point Communications; the National Institutes of Health; and the American College of Rheumatology (consultant fees paid to JAS for each entity); payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events—JAS is on the speaker's bureau of Simply Speaking (JAS previously served as a Consultant and consultant fees were paid to JAS); support for attending meetings and/or travel as past steering committee member of OMERACT (JAS previously received support from the organisation to attend their meeting every 2 years); participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee (JAS served previously as a member; no financial support); leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as past steering committee member of the OMERACT, an international organisation that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm's length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies (JAS previously received support from the organization to attend their meeting every 2 years); stock or stock options from Atyr Pharmaceuticals, Atai Life Sciences, Kintara Therapeutics, Intelligent Biosolutions, Acumen Pharmaceutical, TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Pharmaceuticals, Atyu Biopharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics Inc., Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., Aebona Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte's Web Holdings, Inc (JAS owns stock options) and from JAS previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking and Moderna Pharmaceuticals (JAS owned stock options in these companies previously) outside the submitted work. R Tabares-Seisdedos reports grants or contracts from the Valencian Regional Government's Ministry of Education (PROMETEO/CIPROM/2022/58) and from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PID2021-129099OB-I00) outside the submitted work (the funders were not involved in the design of the manuscript or decision to submit the manuscript for publication, nor will they be involved in any aspect of the study's conduct). J H V Ticoalu reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as a co-founder, Benang Merah Research Center (benangmerah.net) outside the submitted work. V Tseriotis reports grants or contracts from European Academy of Neurology, European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (financial support was given directly to VST); support for attending meetings and/or travel from Inovis, Genesis Pharma, and Novartis (financial support was given directly to VST) outside the submitted work. E Upadhyay reports patents planned, issued or pending from “A system and method of reusable filters for anti-pollution mask” (published), “A system and method for electricity generation through crop stubble by using microbial fuel cells” (published), “A system for disposed personal protection equipment (PPE) into biofuel through pyrolysis and method” (published), “A novel herbal pharmaceutical aid for formulation of gel and method thereof” (published), “Herbal drug formulation for treating lung tissue degenerated by particulate matter exposure” (published), “A method to transform cow dung into the wall paint by using natural materials and composition thereof” (published), “Biodegradable packaging composition and method of preparation thereof” (filed), “Eco-friendly bio-shoe polish from banana and turmeric” (filed), “Honey-based polyherbal syrup composition to treat air pollution-induced inflammation and preparation method thereof” (filed), “Process for preparing a caffeine free, antioxidant and nutrient rich beverage” (filed), “Polyherbal oral mist composition for dual relief and method for preparation thereof” (filed), and “Method for fabricating sustainable waterproof material sheets from LDPE plastic wastes” (filed); leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Former Joint Secretary, Executive Council Member, Indian Meteorological Society, Jaipur Chapter (India) and as Member Secretary-DSTPURSE Program outside the submitted work. Y Yasufuku reports grants or contracts from Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (From April, 2023, to March, 2026, YY was employed in an endowed research department at The University of Osaka, and YY's salary was paid by the university from collaborative research funding provided by the pharmaceutical company listed on the left. The funding was unrelated to the present study but is disclosed as a potential conflict of interest) outside the submitted work. S Zadey reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as ASAR Cofounder, Nivarana Advisory Board member, G4 Alliance Permanent Council Member and Asia WG Chair Drafting Committee Member Maharashtra Mental Health Policy, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.
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Grant Information:	United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust
Contributed Indexing:	Investigator: M Knight, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; K Bienhoff, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; B A, Amity Institute of Public Health and Hospital administration, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.; HS Ababneh, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; M Abbasi, Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; Z Abbasi Dolatabadi, Department of Medical-surgical Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Abbasifard, Department of Internal Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.; S Abd ElHafeez, Department of Epidemiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.; AN Abdalla, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia.; R Abdel-Hameed, Basic Science Department, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.; A Abdelkader, Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.; S Abd-Elsalam, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Egypt, Tanta, Egypt.; DM Abdulah, Community and Maternity Nursing Unit, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.; A Abdullahi, Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria.; MG Abebe, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Landmark General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; TB Abebe, School of Medicine, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia.; H Abebe Getahun, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; A Abedi, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; AA Abejew, School of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; ES Abhilash, Department of Botany, Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur, Kozhikode, India.; A Abie, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; RG Aboagye, Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; AT Aborode, Department of Research and Development, Healthy Africans Platform, Ibadan, Nigeria.; NM Abourashed, Zoology Department, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.; M Abouzid, Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.; LG Abreu, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; MRM Abrigo, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines.; D Abtahi, Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; AS Abu Lila, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; B Abubakar, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.; RK Abu-Farha, Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.; E Abu-Gharbieh, Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; AY Abuhelwa, Department Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; HJ Abukhadijah, Clinical Trials Unit, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; AB Acharya, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; KP Acharya, Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Government of Nepal (GoN), Lalitpur, Nepal.; S Acharya, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India.; M Adabi, Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.; LC Adams, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; NL Adamu, Department of Nursing Science, Modibbo Adama University, Yola., Yola, Nigeria.; IY Addo, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; OA Adediran, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; KA Adedokun, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA; Graduate Program Division, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.; OE Adegbile, Center for Cardiovascular Risk Research, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA; Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ilesa, Nigeria.; OT Adeleke, Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.; MA Adesina, Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; RO Adesola, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; CO Adetunji, Department of Microbiology, Edo State University Uzairue, Iyamho, Nigeria.; JB Adetunji, Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.; RK Adhikary, Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh; Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.; A Adiba, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute for Agronomic Research, Morocco, Beni Mellal, Morocco.; PO Adoma, Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education Winneba, Winneba, Ghana.; AA Afolabi, Technical Services Directorate, MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria.; MS Afzal, Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.; S Afzal, Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.; VI Agbajelola, Department of Pathobiology and Intergrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; FDD Agide, Department of Public Health, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.; PD Agordoh, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; C Agostinis Sobrinho, SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal; Health Research and Innovation Sciences Center, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Klaipeda, Lithuania.; P Agwu, University of Dundee, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Health Policy Research Group, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.; W Agyemang-Duah, Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.; AA Ahmad, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mawz, Oman.; A Ahmad, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.; D Ahmad, School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, NSW, Australia.; K Ahmad, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; MM Ahmad, School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; R Ahmad, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; S Ahmad, Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.; SI Ahmad, Vaccines and Immunity Department, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, Fajara, The Gambia.; A Ahmadi, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Ahmed, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; INTI International University Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia.; A Ahmed, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Pan-African One Health Institute (PAOHI), Kigali, Rwanda.; JM Ahmed, Health Department, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmaceuticals and Allied Health Sciences, University of Balochistan Quetta, Quetta, Pakistan.; J Ahmed, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; MS Ahmed, College of Nursing, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.; MB Ahmed, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.; M Ahmed, Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; SA Ahmed, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.; M Ajami, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; MN Akhtar, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; S Akhtar, Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, karachi, Pakistan.; W Akosile, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; MK Al Nawayseh, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Business, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; Y Al Thaher, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan; School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales.; OAM Al Zaabi, Department of Adult Health and Critical Care, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.; MAM Al Zoubi, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.; T Al Zoubi, College of Engineering and Technology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Egaila, Kuwait.; TO Aladelusi, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; F Alahdab, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.; Z Al-Aly, Department of Research and Development, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Clinical Epidemiology Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), St. Louis, MO, USA.; K Alam, Murdoch Business School, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.; MK Alam, Preventive Dentistry Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.; MJ Alam, Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; P Alam, Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.; Z Alam, School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; RM Al-Amer, School of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; FM Alanezi, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; TM Alanzi, Department of Health Information Management and Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; FY Al-Ashwal, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.; H Albargi, College of nursing and health sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; M Albashtawy, Department of Community and Mental Health, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.; JE Alcalde-Rabanal, Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.; KA Aldawsari, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; MS Aldossary, General Directorate of Research and Studies, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; RW Aldridge, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, England; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; SM Aleidi, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; BA Alemayehu, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; A Al-Eyadhy, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; AM Alfalki, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.; AM Algammal, Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.; RK Alhassan, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; A Alhumaidi, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Al-Nafis University for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.; I Ali, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.; K Ali, College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.; L Ali, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; MD Ali, Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; MU Ali, Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; R Ali, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.; SS Ali, Biodiversity and Genomic unit, University of Tabuk, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.; A Al-Ibraheem, Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; M Al-Iede, The School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; EM Aligaz, Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; H Alinejad Rokny, Visiting Scholar (Collaborative Projects), Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; C Alinia, Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.; M Alipour, Biomedical Physics Group, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; SW Al-Jabi, Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.; MS Aljohani, Family and Community Medicine Department, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.; SM Aljunid, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia.; WT Almagharbeh, Faculty of Nursing, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; MJ Almalki, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; M Al-Mamun, BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD), BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Public and Community Health, Frontier University Garowe (FUG), Puntland, Somalia.; S Al-Marwani, Independent Consultant, Amman, Jordan.; JU Almazan, Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.; MM Alnaeem, Department of Clinical Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; KA Alnawafleh, Nursing Faculty, Fahad Bin Sultan University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; MA Alomari, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; SA Alqahtani, Liver, Digestive, and Lifestyle Health Research Section and Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; M AlQudah, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Cell Therapy and Applied Genomics Department, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.; I Alrimawi, Department of Nursing, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.; SM Alrousan, Macro-Fiscal Policy Department, Ministry of Finance, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; AS Al-Shami, Department of Pharmacology, Sana'a University, Sanaa, Yemen; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.; M Alshammari, Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; AF Alsharari, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.; AB Al-Tammemi, Research, Policy, and Training Directorate, Jordan Center for Disease Control, Amman, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.; MA Althobiani, Department of Respiratory Therapy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University College London, London, England.; N Alvis-Guzman, Research Group in Health Economics, (University of Cartagena) (Universidad de Cartagena), Cartagena, Colombia; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, (University of the Coast) (Universidad de la Costa), Barranquilla, Colombia.; YM Al-Worafi, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Sana'a, Yemen.; MSI Alyahya, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; KH Alzoubi, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.; M Aman Mohammadi, Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.; MI Amedari, John D. Bower School of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.; F Amer, Department of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.; A Amin, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; S Amini, Department of Health and Management Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.; M Aminzare, Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; S Amiri, Spiritual Health Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; GA Amusa, Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.; J Amzat, Department of Sociology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Sociology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.; PP Andrade, Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; European University, Lisbon, Portugal.; SP Ang, Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers University, Toms River, NJ, USA; Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; B Angell, Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, England; Health System Science Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, NSW, Australia.; NH Anh, Department of General Medicine, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Vietnam, Thai Binh City, Viet Nam; Ophthalmology Department, Hoa Binh General Hospital, Hoa Binh City, Viet Nam.; SE Ankomah, Department of Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.; K Annadurai, Department of Public Health, The Apollo University, Chittoor, India.; BS Anuoluwa, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; IA Anuoluwa, Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; S Anvari, Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-disciplinary Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; SL Anwar, Department of Surgery, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; R Anwer, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; AE Anyasodor, Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.; J Arabloo, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Arafat, Al Ain University, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.; AY Aravkin, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; D Areda, College of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, USA.; A Aremu, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.; G Arjmand, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; J Arockiaraj, Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; M Arooj, University College of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; AA Artamonov, Institute of Social, Medical, and Applied Research Technology, Institute of Social, Medical, and Applied Research Technology, Moscow, Russia.; N Arystan, Nazarbayev University, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.; SMB Asdaq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; S Asgary, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Education (NASRME), Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.; N Asiamah, Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, England.; MS Aslam, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.; GD Asres, Researcher, Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; AR Assariparambil, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India.; B Assembekov, Atchabarov Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; SS Athari, Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; SO Atiku, Harold Pupkewitz Graduate School of Business, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia; Department of Economics and Business Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.; BE Atinga, nursing, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.; P Atorkey, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Psychological Science, ACAP University College, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; A Atreya, Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal.; A Aujayeb, Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.; NM Aung, Department of Oral Biological Science, University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar; Dental Unit, U Hla Tun's Hospice Cancer Foundation, Mandalay, Myanmar.; SJ Awan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, lahore, Pakistan.; KL Awol, Internal Medicine Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; CO Ayala, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; MA Ayanore, Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Health Economics, Centre for Health Policy Advocacy Innovation & Research in Africa (CHPAIR-Africa), Accra, Ghana.; MY Aziz, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.; AY Azzam, ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, DE, USA; Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.; ZS Babandi, Community Medicine Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.; F Baberi, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Epidemioloy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; R Babiker, Physiology department, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Alkhaimah, United Arab Emirates.; AS Babu, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; SBJ Bacha, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; AA Badran, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt; Microbiology Department, Horus University Egypt, Damietta, Egypt.; Y Bae, Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.; AR Bahar, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.; AAS Bahattab, CRIMEDIM-Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and Global Health, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen.; R Bahreini, College of Optometry, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR, USA.; R Bai, Clinical Medical Research Center, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China; School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.; AA Baig, Applied College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; L Bains, Surgery, Global Surgery, Emergency Medicine Department, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India; WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in LMICs, Mumbai, India.; AU Bai-Sesay, Research and Scientific Division, Ministry of Health, Free Town, Sierra Leone.; MA Bakhshali, Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; SM Bakkannavar, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; AT Bako, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX, USA.; P Balakrishnan, MAHER Centre for Global Health Research, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Chennai, India; Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Malaysia.; S Balakrishnan, Division of Biological Sciences, Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Chennai, India.; WF Balcha, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; OC Baltatu, Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Brazil.; B Banik, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Manna Institute, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.; A Barac, Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; TW Bärnighausen, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; HJ Barqawi, Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; CA Barth, School of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.; Z Basharat, Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan.; MM Bastan, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; AM Batiha, Faculty of Nursing, King Khalid University, Mahyil Asir, Saudi Arabia.; K Batra, Department of Medical Education, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.; SD Bayable, Anesthesia and critical care, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; MT Bayih, Department Nutrition and Dietetics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; ZW Bayleyegn, Department of Social and Administrative pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; NM Beeraka, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.; DF Bejarano Ramirez, Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (University Hospital Santa Fe Foundation of Bogotá), Bogota, Colombia; Subdirectorate of Clinical Studies and Clinical Epidemiology, Hospital Universitorio Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.; BM Belay, Department of Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; AG Belayneh, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; AK Bello, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.; SN Bente Kamal Tune, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; KZ Berhanu, Education, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.; RS Bernstein, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.; N Bhardwaj, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.; P Bhardwaj, National Institute for Implementation Research on Non Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, Jodhpur, India.; S Bhaskar, Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.; P Bhattacharjee, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.; GK Bhatti, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.; JS Bhatti, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.; R Bhatti, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.; ZA Bhutta, Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Global Health & Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.; SK Biadgilign, Independent Consultant, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; B Biswas, Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.; MS Biswas, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh; Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; FK Bizuneh, Department of Public Health, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.; MK Boachie, SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa.; T Bodhare, Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramanathapuram, India.; S Bohlouli, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.; L Bohn, Faculty of Sport - Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; A Bonny, College of Medecine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Department of Cardiology, (Centre Hospitalier Montfermeil) (Montfermeil Hospital Center), Montfermeil, France.; S Bose, Newcastle Business School, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; S Bouaoud, Department of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria.; D Braithwaite, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Cancer Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.; DC Briggs, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo in Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.; OI Bunea, Department of Management, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.; F Busch, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.; R Busse, Department of Health Care Management, Technische Universität Berlin (Technical University of Berlin), Berlin, Germany.; Y Bustanji, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; ZA Butt, School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; J Cagney, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; I Campos-Nonato, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.; S Cao, Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.; Y Cao, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; M Car, Centre For Data Driven Policy and Management, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England.; R Cárdenas, Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico.; AF Carvalho, IMPInstitute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.; F Carvalho, Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; AL Catapano, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; MultiMedica Sesto San Giovanni IRCCS, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy.; PR Chacón-Uscamaita, Posgrado de Medicina (Postgraduate Program in Medicine), Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru.; RM Chandika, Clinical Nutrition Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; M Chandradasa, Department of Psychiatry, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; University Psychiatry Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.; VC Chandu, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College & Hospital, Vijayawada, Vijayawada, India.; JC Chang, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.; Q Chang, Cardiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.; VK Chattu, Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, Tennessee State University (TSU), Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India.; LD Chau, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, TX, USA.; AA Chaudhary, Department of Biology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; S Chaudhuri, ICMR National Institute of Health Research, Dibrugarh, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, India.; A Chaurasia, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.; CMN Che Mohd Nassir, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.; FA Chekole, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; H Chen, Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.; M Chen, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; YJ Choi, Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea, Seoul, South Korea.; B Chong, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; H Chopra, Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India.; S Chopra, Department of Biosciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; SG Choudhari, Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India.; DT Chu, The Interdisciplinary Research Group on Biomedicine and Health, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Viet Nam.; JMT Chua, Department of Public Health, Other, Tuguegarao City, Philippines.; IS Chukwu, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria.; S Chung, Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.; AFG Cicero, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Heart-Chest-Vascular Department, IRCCS Azianda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Boloogna, Bologna, Italy.; F Cohen, The David S. and Ruth L. Gottesman Center for Headache Treatment and Translational Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; J Conde, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.; C Cosma, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.; N Cruz-Martins, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; A Dabbagh, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; O Dadras, Center for Immigrant and Refugee Health, Public Health Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; B Dahal Khatri, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing (FK-KMK), Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; X Dai, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; MA Dalaba, Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; M Dalakoti, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England; Cardiovascular Metabolic Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; E D'Amico, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.; AK Dang, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; SD Darcho, Department of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.; R Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Department of Environmental Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.; MHNG de Abreu, Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Health Policy & Health Services Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.; JW De Neve, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.; I Delgado-Enciso, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico; Department of Research, State Cancerology Institute of Colima, IMSS-BIENESTAR, Colima, Mexico.; E Dellie, Department of Health Systems and Policy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; D Demeke, Department of Physiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; I Dergaa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia; Department of Social Sciences, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia.; N Dervenis, St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.; M Dervišević, Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis 'Podhrastovi', University Clinical Center in Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.; AT Desale, Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; VGC Devanbu, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India.; SMR Dewan, Department of Pharmacy, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmacology Division, Center for Life Sciences Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; T Dhakal, Yeungnam University, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea.; RK Dhamija, Neurology Department Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.; AS Dhane, Research and Development Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.; S Dharmagadda, Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; M Di Pumpo, Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Catholic University of the Sacred Heart), Rome, Italy.; A Dima, Faculty of Management, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.; DD Ding, Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; IO Dipeolu, Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; HP Do, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Health Economics and Technology (iHEAT), Hanoi, Viet Nam.; MN Do, International Institute for Training and Research (INSTAR), Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; M D'Oria, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy.; F Dorostkar, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; OP Doshi, Independent Consultant, Bridgewater, NJ, USA.; RK Dowou, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; EW Dumbili, School of Sociology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; S Duraisamy, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; OC Durojaiye, Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England.; A Dushpanova, Health Research Institute, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; E Eboreime, Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.; ID Ebuenyi, Department of Rehabilitation Science & Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; A Edmealem, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.; D Edvardsson, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; F Efendi, Advanced Nursing Department, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia; La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; A Egwuenu, Antimicrobial Resistance - Department of Planning, Research and Statistics, NCDC, Independent Consultant, Abuja, Nigeria.; M Ekholuenetale, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK.; RA El Arab, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; MA Eladl, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; M Elhadi, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.; YAM Elhadi, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Healthcare Policy and Financing, Global Health Focus, Khartoum, Sudan.; S Elkahoui, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; R Elsheikh, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; C Eltaha, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA.; SC Eneh, Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, Texas, TX, USA.; M Eslami, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Scinces, Semnan, Iran.; FN Eva, Department of Public Health Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.; E Ezenwankwo, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; AO Fadaka, Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.; H Fadavian, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; AF Fagbamigbe, Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Research Centre for Healthcare and Community, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.; A Fahim, Tanner College of Dental Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY, USA.; IR Fakhradiyev, Scientific and Technological Park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.; M Fareed, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; A Farhana, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.; L Faria, School of Human and Social Sciences (FCHS), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; University Research Center in Psychology, Faro, Portugal.; A Faro, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.; F Farshad, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; FO Fasina, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa.; D Fathi, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; G Fekadu, Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.; AH Feroze, Department of Neurosurgery, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.; P Ferrara, Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.; M Figueiredo, European Network of Occupational Therapy in Higher Education, Vienna, Austria.; S Firdous, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.; F Fischer, Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany.; F Fogacci, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.; AA Fomenkov, Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Moscow, Russia.; A Fornari, UO Neurologia, Salute Pubblica e Disabilità (The Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute), Milan, Italy.; AI Forray, Department of Community Medicine, 'Iuliu Hatieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; A Freitas, MEDCIDS, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.; T Fukumoto, Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.; N Fullman, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.; A Fusheini, Department of Healthcare Management, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.; PA Gaal, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Romania.; MA Gadanya, Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.; DD Gadeka, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana.; AD Gage, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; M Gajdács, Department of Public Health, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.; B Ganesh, Laboratory Sciences Division, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.; E Ganessane, Trauma and Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, India.; FJB Garcia, Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.; C Garg, Internal Medicine Department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Harrisburg, PA, USA; College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; J Garlasco, Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.; RK Gautam, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.; TS Gebre, Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; BA Gelaw, Department of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Director General Office, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; S Gelibter, Department of Neurosciences, Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.; JL Gendreau, Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.; KI Genty, Harold Pupkewitz Graduate School of Business, Polytechnic of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia; Department of Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.; GW Geremew, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; GK Getahun, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.; KY Gete, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; M Ghaderzadeh, Department of Health Information Technology and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; F Ghadirian, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; K Ghaffari, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; L Ghalichi, Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.; A Ghamkhar, Research Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.; A Ghandili, Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.; A Ghashghaee, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.; S Ghimire, Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.; A Gholamrezanezhad, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; V Giannouli, School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.; AU Gil, Country Office, World Health Organization (WHO), Astana, Kazakhstan.; SA Gilani, Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry (DBSC), University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; BR Giri, Department of Zoology, KKS Women's College, Balasore, India.; AA Girmay, Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.; M Golechha, Department of Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India.; P Goleij, Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.; D Golinelli, Department of Life Sciences, Health and Healthcare Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy.; M Golmohammadi, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; YA Goshu, Midwifery Department, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; BNG Goulart, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; T Govardhan, Department of Pathology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, India.; A Grada, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; G Guarducci, Medical Directorate, Local Health Authority of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.; S Guicciardi, Department of the Health Directorate, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; S Gulati, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; KA Gulma, School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Banjul, The Gambia.; DA Gunawardane, Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka.; L Guo, Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.; A Gupta, Department of Dermatology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India.; B Gupta, Department of Public Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; R Gupta, Department of Preventive Cardiology & Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India; Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India.; S Gupta, Department of Toxicology, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India.; VK Gupta, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.; RS Gutiérrez-Murillo, Doctoral Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; J Guzman-Esquivel, Research Unit in Epidemiology Clinic, Mexican Institute of Social Segurity, Colima, Mexico.; F Habibzadeh, Global Virus Network, Middle East Region, Shiraz, Iran.; Z Hadian, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; KRR Hakeem, Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; A Hakuzimana, Euclid University, Greater Banjul Area, The Gambia.; P Halder, Department of Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; KH Hama Aziz, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; AM Hamdan-Mansour, The University of Jordan, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; M Hamed, Oral & Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; P Hamian Roumiani, Department of Cardiology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan.; S Hamidi, School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; A Hanif, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye.; MA Haq, Department of Computer and Information Science, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.; JM Haro, Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain.; MJ Hasan, Department of Public Health, Tropical Disease and Health Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; SMM Hasan, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Public Health, World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; T Hasan, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.; A Hasanpour-Dehkordi, Department of Medical Surgical, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.; A Hashem Zadeh, Institute of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, tehran, Iran; Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, MD, USA.; AS Hashmi, Dept. of Periodontia & Community dentistry, Dr Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.; MS Hasnain, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India.; A Hassan, Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; I Hassan, Department of Community Medicine, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria.; MI Hassan, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.; SI Hay, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; A Hayatu, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS National Services Scotland, Aberdeen, Scotland; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, Scotland.; M Heidari, Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.; M Heydari, National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Sciences Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.; TK Hinneh, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Y Hiraike, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; R Holla, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; Y Hong, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; M Hoseinzadeh, School of Computer Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; International Center for Materials Sciences and Technology, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan.; L Hossain, Maternal and Child Health Division (MCHD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; MM Hossain, Department of Decision and Information Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Public Health Research Group, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh.; MB Hossain, Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; M Hostiuc, Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; S Hostiuc, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania.; G Hu, Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China.; J Huang, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; Y Huang, Advanced Institute of Convergence Knowledge Informatics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.; A Humayun, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.; J Hussain, Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry (DBSC), University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; OJ Ibidoja, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal University Gusau, Nigeria, Gusau, Nigeria.; AA Ibrahim, Physiotherapy Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.; UI Ibrahim, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia, Terengganu, Malaysia.; A Ibrayeva, Scientific and Technological Park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; PM Iftikhar, Health Policy and Management Department, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.; A Ikram, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; J Ikram, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; OS Ilesanmi, West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; IM Ilic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; MD Ilic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.; MT Imam, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.; A Inok, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, England.; M Iqbal, Management Policy and Community Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.; M Iqbal, Department of Psychology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.; U Iqbal, Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.; LM Irham, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; F Islam, Department of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Mamuju (Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Mamuju), Mamuju, Indonesia.; MR Islam, School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; MS Islam, Research and Publication Department, World Health Organization (WHO), Dhaka, Bangladesh.; MS Islam, Department of Public Health, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology (IUBAT), Dhaka, Bangladesh; 4-Green Research Socoiety, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; NE Ismail, Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Bedong, Malaysia; Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong, Malaysia.; G Isola, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.; Y Issaka, Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA.; M Iwagami, Department of Digital Health, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England.; CD Iwu, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; J Jacob, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.; L Jacob, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Barcelona, Spain.; US Jacob, Department of Special Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; A Jadidi, Department of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.; S Jaffar, UCL Institute for Global Health, University of London, London, England.; N Jahanmehr, Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health And Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; H Jahrami, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain.; M Jakovljevic, Section of Economic & Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO-TWAS, Trieste, Italy; Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China.; R Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.; A Jamal, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.; A James, Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India.; J James, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; M Jamshidi, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; R Janardhanan, Division of Medical Research, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; M Jarrar, Department of Community Health Nursing, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University in Jordan, Maan, Jordan.; KM Jasani, Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India.; T Jawaid, Department of Pharmacology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; SK Jayapal, The Medical City for Military and Security Services School, Muscat, Oman.; S Jayaram, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India.; YA Jayasinghe, Centre for Evidence Synthesis and Implementation Research, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria; Jindal School of Public Health and Human Development, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India.; JJ Jeon, Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea; Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea.; S Jeong, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.; W Jimma, Department of Information Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.; M Jokar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.; J Jose, Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Thrissur, India.; AP Joseph, School of Engineering and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, NSW, Australia.; N Joseph, Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; CE Joshua, Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria.; F Joukar, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; JJ Jozwiak, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.; SH Jung, Department of Medical Informatics, Kangwon National University College of Medicine in South Korea, Chuncheon, South Korea.; ME Juweid, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; HS K, Department of Pathology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India.; DH Kadir, Department of Statistics, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Business Administrations, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.; A Kadri, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.; AK Kakkar, Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.; K Kalavani, Department of Health, Khoy Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran.; F Kaliyadan, Department of Dermatology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India.; A Kaliyakparova, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; S Kalra, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India; Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital Karnal, Karnal, India.; R Kamath, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.; RT Kamorudeen, Elderwood Rehabilitation Clinical Centre, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Public Health, South Wales University, Treforest, UK.; H Kamyab, The KU-KIST Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, South Korea.; J Kang, School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; KK Kanmodi, Office of the Executive Director, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, Thomas Adewumi University, Oko, Nigeria.; RS Kantar, The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA.; M Karajizadeh, Trauma Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; P Karakasis, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.; J Karami, Laboratory Science Department, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Karanikolos, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London, UK; Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England.; MI Karobari, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; FZ Kashoo, Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.; NI Kassa, Department of Surgery, MyungSung Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; NJ Kassebaum, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; K Kaushal, Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.; F Kazemi, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; VR Keshri, School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Jindal School of Public Health and Human Development, O. P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India, Sonipat, India.; A Khacharem, College of Sport Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.; YS Khader, Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; H Khajuria, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.; A Khalid, Health Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.; AA Khalil, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; A Khan, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; FU Khan, Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Peking University, Beijing, China.; IH Khan, University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; MS Khan, Neurology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA.; MF Khan, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India.; MA Khan, Department of Pharmacy, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; MU Khan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; RM Khan, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.; S Khan, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; S Khan, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.; YS Khan, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; Z Khan, Department of Cardiology, University of South Wales, Treforest, UK; Department of Cardiology, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.; SU Khasbage, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.; K Khatab, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK; College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, USA.; H Khatatbeh, Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.; MM Khatatbeh, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.; HR Khayat Kashani, Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Khazaei, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran.; KA Kheirallah, Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; Z Khorrami, Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; P Khoshvaght, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Research Center of High Technologies and Innovative Engineering, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan.; M Khosrowjerdi, Research Department, University of Inland Norway, Elverum, Norway.; J Kim, Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.; K Kim, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.; MS Kim, Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; RW Kimokoti, Health and Healing Research, Education, and Service, Inc., Boston, MA, USA; Millennium Prevention, Inc., Westwood, MA, USA.; A Kisa, School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.; S Km Kondlahalli, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Karad, India.; S Kochhar, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India.; PB Kodali, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; M Kokkorakis, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; AA Kolahi, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; F Kompani, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; T Kormoker, Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; O Korzh, Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.; M Koscik, Department of Public Health, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.; A Koul, Amity institute of Public Health and Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida, India.; SL Koulmane Laxminarayana, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India.; AS Kozhumam, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.; IA Kretchy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.; K Krishan, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.; B Krishnan, Department of Physiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India.; M Kuddus, Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; S Kukreti, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.; M Kulimbet, Health Research Institute, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Research Management, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; E Kumah, Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education, Winneba, Winneba, Ghana.; C Kumar, Amity Institute of Health Allied Sciences, Amity University Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.; D Kumar, Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India.; K Kumar, Department of Mathematics, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.; L Kumar, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical College Lyari, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; M Kumar, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; M Kumar, Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.; N Kumar, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Hajipur, India.; P Kumar, Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; R Kumar, Department of Health Management, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; S Kumar, Faculty of Education, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India.; S Kumar, Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; V Kumar, Department of Economics, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India.; S Kumaran D, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; S Kundu, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.; J Kunjavara, Nursing & Midwifery Research Department (NMRD), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; A Kurmanova, Department of Clinical Subjects, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; D Kurpas, Division of Research Methodology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.; CY Kustanti, Institute for Health Sciences, STIKES Bethesda Yakkum Yogyakarta Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; D Kusuma, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.; T Kutluk, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medicana Health International, Istanbul, Türkiye; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.; A Kuttybayev, Department of Public Health, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; MA Kwarteng, Centre for Vision across the Life Span, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, England.; V Kytö, Clinical Research Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; MA Ladan, Department of Nursing Science, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria.; DA LaGrappe, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.; C Lahariya, Division of Evidence Synthesis, Foundation for People-centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India; Division of Lifestyle Medicine, Centre for Health: The Specialty Practice, New Delhi, India.; DTC Lai, School of Digital Science, (University of Brunei Darussalam) (Universiti Brunei Darussalam), Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei; Institute of Applied Data Analytics, (University of Brunei Darussalam) (Universiti Brunei Darussalam), Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.; H Lai, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; DK Lal, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.; J Lám, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; NEVES Society for Patient Safety, Budapest, Hungary.; A Laplante-Lévesque, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.; AO Larsson, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.; S Lasrado, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India.; A Latif, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.; BK Lawal, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria.; ER Lazarus, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.; C Ledda, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.; M Lee, Graduate School of Transdisciplinary Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.; SV Lee, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; SW Lee, Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea.; WC Lee, Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.; YH Lee, Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.; V Leivaditis, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.; F Leonforte, Department of Integrated Hygiene, Organizational, and Service Activities, AOU Polyclinc 'G.Rodolico-San Marco' Catania, Catania, Italy; Univertisy of Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.; C Li, Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.; H Li, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.; MC Li, Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.; S Li, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.; VS Ligade, Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; J Lin, International Centre for Future Health Systems, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; J Liu, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.; X Liu, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.; Z Liu, School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.; MS Lodhi, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; NC Lokunarangoda, Department of Medicine and Mental Health, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.; JCF Lopez, Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Durham, NC, USA.; JF López-Gil, School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador; Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.; AM Loreche, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines.; M Lotfizadeh, Department of Community Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.; SD Lourembam, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India.; G Lucchetti, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.; H Lv, Department of Epidemiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.; MD Lytras, College of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Management of Information Systems Department, The American College of Greece, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece.; E Lytvyak, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.; HI M Amin, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.; KS Ma, Center for Global Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; M Machoy-Rakoczy, Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.; SA Mahamed, Department of One Health in Tropical Infectiousness Diseases, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia; College of Health Science, Amoud University, Borama, Somalia.; NH Mahmood, Research Center, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; SAI Mahmood, Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.; K Mahmoud, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; HX Mai, Gene Solutions, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam.; GN Makhadmeh, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.; IF Makhdoom, Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.; AA Malik, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; K Mannethodi, Corporate Nursing and Midwifery Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; M Mansourian, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech - UPC), Barcelona, Spain.; T Maqbool, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; H Markazi Moghadam, Institute of Labour Economics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany; RGS Econ, Ruhr Graduate School in Economics, Essen, Germany.; A Martinez-Valle, Health, Policy and Population Research Center (CIPPS), National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Harvard University, Boston, VA, USA.; JJF Mary, Department of Community Medicine, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pondicherry, India.; RR Marzo, Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.; S Marzouk, Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.; Y Mathangasinghe, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; MR Mathur, Department of Health Policy Research, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India; Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England.; N Mathur, Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India.; FP Matozinhos, Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; KA Mattoo, Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; RJ Maude, Department of Epidemiology, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.; S Mayaki, Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England.; M Mazaheri, Department of Social Medicine and Family, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.; M McKee, Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England.; SM McPhail, Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Digital Health and Informatics Directorate, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; R Mehrotra, Centre for Health Innovation and Policy, Noida, India.; V Mehta, Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Pune, India.; TB Melkie, School of Medicine and Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; ZA Memish, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research & Innovation Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; GA Menezes, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Trinity Medical Sciences University, St. Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; EA Mengistie, Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; LA Mengstie, Debre Berhan university, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.; A Meretoja, General Administration Department, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; TJ Meretoja, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; G Merlino, Medical Area Department, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.; MA Merza, College of Pharmacy, Nawroz University, Duhok, Iraq.; T Mestrovic, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia.; CDK Mettananda, Department of Pharmacology, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Clinical Medicine Department, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.; S Mettananda, Department of Paediatrics, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; University Paediatrics Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.; MMM Metwally, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; SDD Mewoabi, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon, Buea, Cameroon.; MA Mikrajab, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor District, Indonesia.; G Minervini, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; WK Ming, Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; GK Mini, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India; Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India.; A Mirica, Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.; EM Mirrakhimov, Internal Medicine Department, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.; V Mishra, Thumbay College of Management and AI in Healthcare, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Research and Development Department, Panacea Institute of Interdisciplinary Research and Education, Varanasi, India.; C Mittal, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India.; D Modi, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India.; MG Mohamed, RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medicak and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates; Nursing College, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.; NS Mohamed, Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan; Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan.; KAH Mohamed Ahmed, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Pathophysiology, St. George's University, St.George's, Grenada.; T Mohammad, Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Centre For Interdisciplinary Research In Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.; S Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Midwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; O Mohammed, Department of Medicine, Government Medical College Kozhikode, Kozhikode, India.; S Mohammed, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.; S Mohan, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.; YK Mohanta, Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi, India.; SS Mohanty, Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.; AH Mokdad, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; TRT Moncatar, Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.; H Mondal, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.; MA Moni, AI & Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; M Montalti, Department of Collective Prevention and Public Health, General Directorate for Personal Care, Health, and Welfare, Bologna, Italy.; M Moradi-Joo, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.; DF Morais, Department of Health Sciences (Ph.D. Program), Institute for Medical Assistance to State Public Servants, São Paulo, Brazil.; SD Morrison, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.; R Mosaddeghi Heris, Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; FEC Mosquera, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.; E Mossialos, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, England; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, England.; K Mozahheb Yousefi, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; N Mozart Vieira, Nutrology Fellowship, Nutrology Academy, São Paulo, Brazil.; M Mrejen, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; R Mubarak, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; S Mubarik, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.; JS Muhammad, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.; A Mukhopadhyay, Department of Medicine, Integrated Medicine Programme, Alexandra Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; JK Muliira, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.; F Mulita, Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.; K Munjal, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.; S Musa, Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.; D Musoke, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.; G Mustafa, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan.; MT Mustapha, Business Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, University of Texas, Richardson, TX, USA; Irfan Suat Gunsel Operational Research Institute, Near East University, Mersin, Türkiye.; S Muthu, Department of Research Methods, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, India; Central Research Laboratory, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, India.; CM Muvunyi, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.; L Muzaqi, Department of Public Health, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia.; W Myung, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.; A Nafei, Elderly Health Research Center, Research and Academic Institution, Tehran, Iran.; M Naghshbandi, Neurosciences Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Rajaei Cardiovascular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; H Naik, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; F Nainu, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.; HHR Najmuldeen, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, Iraq; University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; N Nakhostin Ansari, Department of Physiotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for War-affected People, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; G Nambi, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.; AJ Nashwan, Nursing & Midwifery Research Department (NMRD), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; M Nassar, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Vermont, South Burlington, VT, USA.; SNK Navaratna, Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka; Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; BP Nayak, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.; K Nayak, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.; VC Nayak, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; J Nazari, Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.; M Nazari, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; I Negoi, Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.; RI Negoi, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Aid, Bucharest, Romania.; AG Negru, Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania; Rocordis Heart Center, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.; C Nejjari, Euromed Research Center, Euromed University of Fes, Fez, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dentistry, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.; N Nekliudov, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; CT Nguyen, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.; HT Nguyen, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.; HLT Nguyen, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.; TT Nguyen, International Institute of Training and Research (INSTAR), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University (UMP-VNU), Hanoi, Viet Nam.; T Nguyen, Faculty of Public Health, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.; YT Nigatu, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.; A Nikoobar, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; S Nomura, Global Health Policy Lab, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.; M Noreen, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.; E Noumi, College of Science- Biology Department, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; M Noushad, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.; CA Nri-Ezedi, Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.; F Nugen, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; School of Information, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.; B Oancea, Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Bioinformatics Department, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.; AOD Ofakunrin, Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.; OC Ogidan, Department of Nursing Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.; AS Ogunrinde, Department of Political Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.; OO Ojedoyin, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of allied health sciences., Federal University of Health Sciences Ila Orangun Osun, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; OJ Okesanya, Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria.; OC Okonji, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.; JO Okunlola, Department of Education Leadership and Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.; OI Olabisi, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; MK Oladejo, Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; AT Olagunju, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.; OV Olalusi, Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; A Olaniran, Global Health, KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; GMM Oliveira, Cardiology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; AA Olorukooba, Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.; BO Olusanya, Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria.; OG Oluwole, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; A Omar Bali, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Jadara Research Center, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan.; OE Onwujekwe, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria.; AS Oradova, Scientific Laboratory 'Center for Collective Use', Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; M Ordak, Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.; VN Orish, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Sickle Cell Unit, Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana.; A Orscelik, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; E Ortiz-Prado, One Health Research Group, Universidad De Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.; GO Osaigbovo, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine and Jos University Teaching Hospital, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.; A Osborne, Department of Biological Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone.; GN Osei, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.; G Otchere, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.; A Otoiu, Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.; JJ Ouner, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; A Ouyahia, Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria.; S Øverland, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.; MO Owolabi, Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; OA Oyebanji, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; KA Oyeniran, Department of Biological Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education Science & Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria; Plant Systems Biology, International Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.; I Ozsahin, Irfan Suat Gunsel Operational Research Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Türkiye.; JR Padubidri, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; V Palaniswamy, Institute of Physiotherapy, Srinivas University, Mangalore, India.; T Palicz, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.; A Pana, Department of Community Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania; National Center for Statistics in Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.; SK Panda, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India.; B Pandey, Department of Pharmacy, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda, Nepal.; P Pandya, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar, India.; SM Pangaribuan, College of Nursing, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Taipei, Indonesia.; A Pantea Stoian, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; I Papadimopoulos, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; S Pardhan, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England.; RR Parikh, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; C Park, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.; A Parmar, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.; M Pasovic, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; R Passera, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Imaging, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino (AOU City of Health and Science of Turin), Torino, Italy.; M Patel, Department of Computer Science and Bioscience, Marwadi University, Rajkot, India.; NN Patel, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tennessee, Nashville, TN, USA.; S Patil, College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA.; D Patoulias, Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.; A Patra, Department of Human Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.; S Pattnaik, Department of Community Medicine, Mallareddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad, India.; U Paudel, Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.; S Pawar, Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; H Pazoki Toroudi, Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; P Pedersini, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.; VCF Pepito, Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines.; P Peprah, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; MO Pereira, Department of Applied Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; MFP Peres, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.; S Perna, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; OJ Peter, Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; TT Pham, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Research Advancement Consortium in Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; MR Phillips, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.; ZZ Piracha, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Pakistan; International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan.; E Pirera, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (PROMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.; MMPN Piyasena, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England.; E Plotnikov, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.; D Poddighe, College of Health Sciences (CHS), VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; I Popa, Management Department, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania.; F Porru, Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; S Pourasghary, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; M Poursadeqiyan, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.; M Prasad, Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.; A Prashant, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India.; EJS Prates, Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; H Priya, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; NR Pugliese, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.; J Puvvula, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; MU Qamar, Institute of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.; NH Qasim, Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Al-Rafidain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Luhansk, Ukraine.; X Qi, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA.; N Rabiee, Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; R Rabiei, Department of Health Information Technology and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; V Radhakrishnan, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Chennai, India.; P Raghuveer, Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.; S Rahimi, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Science Research Centre, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.; A Rahimi-Movaghar, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; V Rahimi-Movaghar, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; FS Rahman, Department of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia.; FM Rahman, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Biology, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; M Rahman, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh.; M Rahman, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.; MA Rahman, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia.; P Rai, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; A Raja, Department of Cardiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; R Raja Reddy, PHYSIOLOGY, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, India.; J Rajendran, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; KD Rakhimov, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; R Rakoczy, Department of Chemical Engineerinag and Procesiing, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.; SK Ramasamy, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; PW Ramteke, Department of Biotechnology, Hislop College, Nagpur, India; Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India.; L Rana, AIIMS, Bilaspur, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India.; N Rancic, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.; M Rangappa, Department of Community Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi University, Karnataka, India.; M Rangasamy, Department of Health System Management Studies, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Mysuru, India.; CR Rao, Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; K Rao, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India.; M Rao, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; SJ Rao, Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India.; D Rathish, Department of Family Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.; J Rathore, Amity Institute of Public Health and Hospital Administration, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, India.; R Ravangard, Department of Health Services Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; R Ravi, Department of Public health, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, India.; R Ravi, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; DL Rawaf, WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, England; Inovus Medical, St Helens, UK.; S Rawaf, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England; Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, England.; L Rawal, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; R Rawat, Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.; A Ray, Interventional Cardiology Department, University of Kentucky, morehead, KY, USA.; ML Raza, Infection Prevention & Control, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; B Razi, Department of Hematology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Hematology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; CM Reategui-Rivera, IDEAS Research Group, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.; NU Rehman, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Nizwa, Oman.; L Reifels, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; BN Rekadwad, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.; S Resnikoff, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; S Restaino, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy.; LF Reyes, Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana (Savannah University), Chia, Colombia; Critical Care Department, Clinica Universidad De La Sabana (Savannah University Clinic), Chia, Colombia.; N Rezaei, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; N Rezaei, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.; M Rezaeian, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health School, Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.; M Riaz, Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Pakistan, Dir Upper, Pakistan.; J Rickard, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda.; SMD Rizvi, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; JAB Rodriguez, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England.; L Roever, Department of Clinical Research, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.; R Rohilla, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India.; MKK Rony, Miyan Research Institute, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; KT Root, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; HS Rout, Department of Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; RUSA Centre of Excellence in Public Policy and Governance, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.; A Roy, Department of Community Medicine, RVM Medical College and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.; GK Roy, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; S Roy, Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.; GM Rwegerera, Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.; C S N, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.; AMA Saad, Cardiovascular Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; K Saber, Department of Medical Physics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; S Sabour, Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; BA Sadee, Department of Food Technology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.; F Sadeghi-Ghyassi, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; H Sadr, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nuroscience Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; MR Saeb, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, International Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland.; U Saeed, Széchenyi István University, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary; Irfan Suat Gunsel Operational Research Institute, Near East University, Turkey, Nicosia, Türkiye.; M Saeedi, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.; S Saeedi Moghaddam, Global Health Economy Research Team, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany; Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Safiullah, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.; R Sagar, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; A Saghazadeh, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; I Saha, Department of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Kolkata, India.; F Saheb Sharif-Askari, Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; N Saheb Sharif-Askari, Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; V Sahni, Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; A Sahoo, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India.; KS Sahu, Canadian Red Cross, Red Cross, Ottawa, ON, Canada.; SM Sajadi, College of Pharmacy, Al-Hadba University, Mosul, Iraq.; MR Sajid, Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.; JW Sakshaug, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany.; AA Salami, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria.; B Salami, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; S Saleem, Department of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.; MA Saleh, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; AJ Salemcity, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo city, Nigeria.; P Salimi Pormehr, Department of Research and Development, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; GA Salum, Department of Global Initiatives, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; H Samadi Kafil, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; J Samal, SRM School of Public Health, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; AM Samy, Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; E Sanjari, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; S Sankar, Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, Madha Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India.; LHCC Santos, University of São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil.; MM Santric-Milicevic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; MA Sanusi, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.; SYI Saraswathy, Independent Consultant, Thiruvananthapuram, India.; Y Sarikhani, Department of Public Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; H Sarma, Botany Department, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, India.; M Sarmadi, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.; GS Sarode, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.; SC Sarode, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.; M Sassano, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; MK Sathya Narayanan, Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.; M Satpathy, UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India.; A Saurabh, Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; SG Saxena, Department of Public Health Sciences, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA; Harvard Extension School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Y Sayadi, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Kermanshah, Iran; Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.; AM Sayed, Chemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.; C Schinckus, Universidad ESAN, Universidad ESAN, Lima, Peru; Graduate School of Business, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.; S Seedat, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.; D Sekar, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; C Selvaraj, Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai, India.; S Selvaraj, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.; Y Semenova, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.; FW Sendeku, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; S Senthilkumaran, Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India.; SG Sepanlou, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; E Serván-Mori, Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.; F Sessa, Department of Psychology and Health Sciences Faculty of Human Sciences, Education, and Sports, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.; Y Sethi, Department of Medicine, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India.; A Sha'aban, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales.; SA Shah, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Changa, India.; S Shah, Rita A. Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, The Charutar Vidya Mandal(CVM) University, Anand, India.; M Shahab, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University Of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.; S Shahid, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; W Shahid, Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Reasearch Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore.; E Shahini, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS 'Saverio de Bellis', Castellana Grotte, Italy.; F Shahkarami, Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Shahriari, Department of Transitional Residency, Lakeland Regional Health, lakeland, FL, USA.; MJ Shahwan, Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.; BT Shaikh, School of Public health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.; MA Shaikh, Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan.; A Shakerimoghaddam, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.; A Shamsutdinova, Science Department, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; D Shan, Lancaster University, Lancaster, England; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.; M Shanawaz, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; N Sharif, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; A Sharifan, Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.; PF Sharifian Jazi, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.; A Sharma, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.; BK Sharma, Department of Forensic Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India.; J Sharma, Department of Physiotherapy, Galgotas University, Greater Noida, India.; K Sharma, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India; Department of Cardiology, Government Medical College, Ahmedabad, India.; K Sharma, Division of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India.; M Sharma, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.; V Sharma, Department of Forensic Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.; R Shawahna, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.; A Shehadeh, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait.; S Shehzadi, University Institute of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; A Sheidaei, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Quantitative Department, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran.; RR Shenoy, Department of Pharmacology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; SM Shenoy, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.; SP Sherchan, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.; M Shetty, Alva's Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Moodubidire, India.; P Shetty, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, India.; PK Shetty, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; MJA Shiddiky, Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Austria.; T Shimels, Department of Pharmacology, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; MMH Shimul, Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; PA Shirali, Department of Physiology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; S Shirazi, Department of Orthodontics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.; A Shittu, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria.; K Shivangi, School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, gautam buddh nagar, India.; A Shokri, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.; S Shool, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Technology and Innovation in Cardiovascular Informatics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; SA Shorofi, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; S Shrestha, Department of Research and Academics, Kathmandu Cancer Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal; Person-Centred Research Directorate, Eastern Health Clinical, School Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia.; SA Shuaibu, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria.; AB Siankam Tankwanchi, Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; NB Sidamo, School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.; EE Siddig, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; AJ Siddiqui, Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; GCBD Silva, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; PP Simkhada, Research and Innovation, University of Chester, Chester, UK.; DL Simpong, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; CR Simpson, School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.; A Singh, Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.; B Singh, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.; B Singh, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India.; BP Singh, University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.; H Singh, Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.; JA Singh, School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Houston, TX, USA.; J Singh, Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.; M Singh, Medical Oncology Lab, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; P Singh, Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Patiala, India.; S Singh, Biotechnology, Microbiology and Forensic Science, Noida International University, Greater Noida, India.; S Singh, Mehta Family School of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.; MK Sinha, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; R Sinha, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Ranchi, India.; G Sivan, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpettu, India.; N Skhvitaridze, Global and European Health Education and Study Institute, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia; National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.; VY Skryabin, Books Committee, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK.; M Snoussi, Biology Department, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; F Sobia, Department of Public Health, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; MS Sohel, Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; S Solikhah, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; J Song, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.; M Spartalis, 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.; LV Sree, Department of Health, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India.; CT Sreeramareddy, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.; S Sriram, College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.; P Stachteas, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.; SC Ștefan, Management Department, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania.; B Stubbs, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Vienna, Austria; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.; P Stubbs, Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; CY Su, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.; O Subasi, Department of Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.; V Subramaniyan, Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.; A Sugunan, Faculty of Management, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.; M Suhaib, Hospital Administration, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India; Hospital Administration, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.; O Sulaieva, Department of Pathology, Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine; Research Unit, Ukrainian Association for Precision Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine.; SK Sulaiman, Department of Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Yobe, Nigeria.; MJM Sullman, Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.; Y Sun, GROW- Institute for Oncology and Reproduction & NUTRIM - Institute for Nutrition and Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.; Z Sun, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.; T Sundaram, Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; D Sunkersing, Department of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, England.; CK Swain, Department of Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.; SP Swami, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India.; L Szarpak, Institute of Medical Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.; P Tabaee Damavandi, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Lugano, Switzerland.; R Tabarés-Seisdedos, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain.; SA Tabatabaeizadeh, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.; S Tabatabai, Department of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; R Tabibi, Department of Health, Safety, and Environmental Management, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.; M Tabish, Department of Pharmacy, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India.; BB Tabor, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; ZM Taha, Duhok Research Centre, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.; N Taheri, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; J Taiba, Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; M Tampa, Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Dermato-Venereology, Dr. Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.; J Tan, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.; KK Tan, Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; B Tanabayev, Department of Morphophysiology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan.; D Tanabayeva, Department of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; S Tanabayeva, Department of Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; S Tang, Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.; E Tantisattamo, American Heart Association Comprehensive Hypertension Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA; Excellence Center for Organ Transplantation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.; M Tanveer, Department of Software Engineering, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; AI Developer, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.; H Tao, Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China.; A Tasnim, Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; NY Tat, Taking Our Best Shot, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Research and Innovation, Enventure Medical Innovation, Houston, TX, USA.; VY Tat, Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Galveston, TX, USA.; AY Tazhiyeva, Department of Science, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; MH Temsah, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; WB Tesfamariam, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; AA Tesfu, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; P Thangaraju, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.; KR Thankappan, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India.; I Tharwat, Department of Economics, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.; R Thayakaran, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England.; J Thirumalai, Department of Paediatric and Neonatal Sciences, Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; M Thiruvengadam, Department of Applied Bioscience, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.; R Thiruvengadam, Department of Neonatology, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; JHV Ticoalu, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Sam Ratulangi University), Manado, Indonesia.; MV Titova, К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.; VK Tiwari, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.; M Tleshev, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; SI Tonapa, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.; R Topor-Madry, Interdisciplinary Health Data Center, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.; SM Topp, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.; MR Tovani-Palone, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; QTH Tran, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.; TH Tran, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Business Analytics, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA.; N Tran Minh Duc, Research and Advocacy Initiative, ALS Vietnam, Quang Ngai, Viet Nam.; D Trico, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.; QXN Truong, College of Health Science, Vin University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; G Tse, Department of Population Health, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.; VS Tseriotis, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, England.; E Tsermpini, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; L Tudor Car, King's College London, London, England; Imperial College London, London, England.; A Ullah, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; R Ullah, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi/ Islamabad, Pakistan.; S Ullah, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; SS Umar, Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Oncology, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria.; E Upadhyay, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.; JS Usman, Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.; D Uzun Ozsahin, Irfan Suat Gunsel Operational Research Institute, Near East University, Mersin, Türkiye; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; H Uzunçıbuk, Department of Orthodontics, University of Trakya, Edirne, Türkiye.; PR Valdez, Sociedad Argentina de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Vélez Sarsfield, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; S Vanneste, Institute for Global Brain Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; J Varghese, Department of Public Health, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; S Varughese, Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India.; TJ Vasankari, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.; A Velayudhan, Department of Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; School of Epidemioloy, Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India.; B Vellingiri, Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India; Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.; U Venkatesh, Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India.; N Venketasubramanian, Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; D Villarreal-Zegarra, Digital Health Research Center, Digital Health S.A., Lima, Peru; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.; T Vinh, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.; LM Vitorino, Faculty of Medicine of Itajubá -FMIT, Itajubá, Brazil; Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí - UNIVÁS, UNIVÁS, Pouso Alegre, Brazil.; V Vlassov, Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.; A Voit, Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Section for Oral Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.; SR Volovat, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T Popa' Iasi, Iaşi, Romania; Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iaşi, Romania.; L Vu, Faculty of Public Health, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam; International Institute for Training and Research (INSTAR), VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; Y Waheed, Irfan Suat Gunsel Operational Research Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Türkiye; Egyetem Square 1, Széchenyi István University, H-9026 Győr, Hungary.; E Waisberg, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England.; EL Wan, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Arlington, VA, USA.; JY Wan, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.; H Wang, Stomatological Hospital, Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.; S Wang, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.; S Wang, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; W Wang, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.; W Wang, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.; X Wang, Enze Medical Health Academy, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China.; Y Wang, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.; Y Wang, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, England.; Y Wang, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.; MN Wanjau, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; PR Ward, School of Society and Culture, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; W Warriner, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; TH Wassie, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; AL Wicaksana, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; ND Wickramasinghe, Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.; S Wiebe, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; A Wilandika, Department of Nursing, Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.; M Wiredu Agyekum, Legon Centre for Education Research and Policy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.; AW Wolf, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.; Z Xia, Western Institute of Digital-Intelligent Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.; W Xie, Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.; S Yahoo, Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India.; H Yang, Department of Occupational Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.; Y Yano, Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; H Yao, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.; HKA Yasin, College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Other, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.; Y Yasufuku, Division of Public Health, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan.; S Yaya, The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, England.; KA Yergaliyev, SDU University, Astana, Kazakhstan.; SA Yesuf, Department of Family Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Family Medicine Department, St. Peter's Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; S Yezli, Innovation and Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; X Yi, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.; D Yin, Department of Epidemiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.; Y Yin, Nankai University, Other, Tianjin, China.; YE Yismaw, Department of Pharmacology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; DK Yon, Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.; N Yonemoto, Department of Biostatistics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.; M Younis, Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA; School of Business & Economics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.; H Yu, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.; Y Yu, School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.; Q Yuan, Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.; G Yunus, Department of Basic Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; S Zadey, Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, India; Department of Emergency Medicine, Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Durham, NC, USA.; M Zaghampour, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.; D Zairov, Department of Oncology and Mammology, Kazakh Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; N Zamora, Health Investigation Center, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, Tarija, Bolivia.; A Zanghì, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.; K Zarea, Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.; A Zarei, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.; M Zastrozhin, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Administration, PGxAI, San Francisco, CA, USA.; S Zbiri, Mohammed VI International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco; Institute for Healthcare System Analysis (IA2S), Paris, France.; MGM Zeariya, Department of Public Health, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.; Z Zeinali, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; RA Zenati, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; EM Zeru, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; JMF Zhang, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; C Zhao, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.; Y Zhao, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England.; J Zheng, School of global health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.; A Zhong, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; H Zhou, Department of Surgery, Zhejiang University, yiwu, Zhejiang province,China, China.; B Zhu, School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.; Z Zhu, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.; A Zhumagaliuly, Atchabarov Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; MA Zoromba, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; A Zumla, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, England; NIHR-Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR-BRC), University College London Hospitals, London, England.; AH Zyoud, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.; SH Zyoud, Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine.; SH Zyoud, Department of Building Engineering and Environment, Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), Tulkarem, Palestine; Civil Engineering and Sustainable Structures, Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), Tulkarem, Palestine.; E Baris, World Bank.; R Lozano, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.; CJL Murray, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; A Haakenstad, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health and Population, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: ahaak@uw.edu.
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260818 Date Completed: 20260818 Latest Revision: 20260827
Update Code:	20260827
PubMed Central ID:	PMC13501144
DOI:	10.1016/S2468-2667(26)00145-3
PMID:	42612647
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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ISSN:	2468-2667
DOI:	10.1016/S2468-2667(26)00145-3