Academic Journal
Valorization of shell waste as a nature-based soil amendment for stabilization of heavy metals in agricultural soils: Toward safe agricultural recultivation.
| Τίτλος: | Valorization of shell waste as a nature-based soil amendment for stabilization of heavy metals in agricultural soils: Toward safe agricultural recultivation. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Park SH; Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea., Park SH; Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea., Hyun S; Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea., An J; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea., Moon DH; Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dhmoon@chosun.ac.kr. |
| Πηγή: | Environmental research [Environ Res] 2026 Oct 01; Vol. 307, pp. 125465. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 12. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0147621 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-0953 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00139351 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Res Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: <2000- > : Amsterdam : Elsevier Original Publication: New York, Academic Press. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Soil Pollutants*/chemistry , Soil Pollutants*/analysis , Agriculture*/methods , Metals, Heavy*/chemistry , Metals, Heavy*/analysis , Environmental Restoration and Remediation*/methods, Soil/chemistry ; Zinc/analysis ; Zinc/chemistry ; Lead/analysis ; Lead/chemistry ; Lactuca ; Recycling |
| Περίληψη: | This study evaluated abalone and pen shell wastes as nature-based soil amendments for Pb- and Zn-contaminated agricultural soils. Natural and calcined shells were incorporated into contaminated soils and cured for four weeks, followed by metal leaching tests (0.1 M HCl), sequential extraction, and mechanistic analysis using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Soil functional changes were assessed using a Soil Health Index (SHI), and a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate crop safety and agronomic feasibility under a stabilization-capping system using lettuce. Calcined shell amendments, rich in reactive CaO, reduced leachable Pb and Zn by more than 97% at 2 wt%. Sequential extraction showed that the mobile Pb fraction (F1+F2) decreased from 16.0% in untreated soil to approximately 4.6% after stabilization, accompanied by a shift toward more stable fractions. SEM-EDX analysis indicated the formation of low-solubility pozzolanic reaction products (e.g., C-S-H phases) in calcined-shell treatments, contributing to effective metal immobilization. SHI analysis revealed a trade-off, with stabilized soils exhibiting a 14-36% decline relative to pre-stabilization conditions due to elevated pH and salinity. However, under the stabilization-capping configuration, upward metal transport was effectively inhibited, resulting in non-detectable Pb levels in lettuce tissues and Zn concentrations within safe limits. Furthermore, this system successfully restored crop productivity, increasing lettuce fresh biomass by 60-94% compared to the untreated soil. Overall, this study demonstrates that recycling shell waste enables effective heavy metal stabilization, and that coupling stabilization with capping provides a realistic and practical framework for the safe agricultural use of amended soils. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Fishery waste resources; Lettuce cultivation; Nature-based soil amendments; Soil health index; Stabilization |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Soil Pollutants) 0 (Metals, Heavy) 0 (Soil) J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc) 2P299V784P (Lead) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260812 Date Completed: 20260912 Latest Revision: 20260912 |
| Update Code: | 20260913 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125465 |
| PMID: | 42586294 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1096-0953 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125465 |