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Enhancing the extraction of phenolic compounds from biofortified apple peel by-products: ultrasound-assisted recovery, bioaccessibility, and in vitro bioactivity.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Enhancing the extraction of phenolic compounds from biofortified apple peel by-products: ultrasound-assisted recovery, bioaccessibility, and in vitro bioactivity.
Συγγραφείς: Villamil-Galindo E; Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia, Programa de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Calle 170 54ª-10, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia., Piagentini A; Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina., Gastelúm-Estrada A; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico., Chuck-Hernandez C; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico., Antunes-Ricardo M; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico., Reza-Zaldivar EE; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico., Guerrero-Analco JA; Red de estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, 91073 Veracruz, Mexico., Monribot-Villanueva JL; Red de estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, 91073 Veracruz, Mexico., Jacobo-Velázquez DA; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico. Electronic address: djacobov@tec.mx.
Πηγή: Food chemistry [Food Chem] 2026 Oct 01; Vol. 525 (Pt 4), pp. 150718. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 07.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Evaluation Study
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7702639 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03088146 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Barking : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers
Original Publication: Barking, Eng., Applied Science Publishers.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Malus*/chemistry , Phenols*/isolation & purification , Phenols*/chemistry , Phenols*/pharmacology , Plant Extracts*/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts*/chemistry , Plant Extracts*/pharmacology , Waste Products*/analysis , Chemical Fractionation*/methods , Chemical Fractionation*/instrumentation , Food, Fortified*/analysis , Ultrasonics*/methods, Fruit/chemistry ; Antioxidants/isolation & purification ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/chemistry ; Humans ; Caco-2 Cells ; Biological Availability ; Digestion
Περίληψη: This study modeled and optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from 'Granny Smith' apple peel (RM) and biofortified peel subjected to controlled abiotic stresses (RM-E). A Box-Behnken design evaluated the effects of extraction ratio, ethanol concentration, and ultrasound power on total phenolic compounds (TPC), while extraction kinetics were described using the Peleg model. Optimal conditions were 1:36 w/v, 76% ethanol, and 52% ultrasound power, yielding extracts with 20-23 g kg-1 TPC and a profile dominated by flavonols and flavan-3-ols. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the biofortified UAE extract (USRM-E) showed 39.8% TPC bioaccessibility. Its intestinal fraction exhibited antiproliferative effects against HT-29 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells and showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic responses in vitro. Overall, combining abiotic stress-induced biofortification with UAE improved phenolic recovery and bioaccessibility, supporting apple peel by-products as sustainable sources of bioactive ingredients for functional food applications through green extraction technologies and valorization strategies.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Circular economy; Flavonols; Fruit waste; Kinetic modelling; Secondary metabolites
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Phenols)
0 (Plant Extracts)
0 (Waste Products)
0 (Antioxidants)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260811 Date Completed: 20260909 Latest Revision: 20260909
Update Code: 20260909
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150718
PMID: 42580062
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  – Url: https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150718?
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  Data: Enhancing the extraction of phenolic compounds from biofortified apple peel by-products: ultrasound-assisted recovery, bioaccessibility, and in vitro bioactivity.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Villamil-Galindo+E%22">Villamil-Galindo E</searchLink>; Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia, Programa de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Calle 170 54ª-10, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Piagentini+A%22">Piagentini A</searchLink>; Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos - Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gastelúm-Estrada+A%22">Gastelúm-Estrada A</searchLink>; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chuck-Hernandez+C%22">Chuck-Hernandez C</searchLink>; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Antunes-Ricardo+M%22">Antunes-Ricardo M</searchLink>; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reza-Zaldivar+EE%22">Reza-Zaldivar EE</searchLink>; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guerrero-Analco+JA%22">Guerrero-Analco JA</searchLink>; Red de estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, 91073 Veracruz, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Monribot-Villanueva+JL%22">Monribot-Villanueva JL</searchLink>; Red de estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, 91073 Veracruz, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jacobo-Velázquez+DA%22">Jacobo-Velázquez DA</searchLink>; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico. Electronic address: djacobov@tec.mx.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study modeled and optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from 'Granny Smith' apple peel (RM) and biofortified peel subjected to controlled abiotic stresses (RM-E). A Box-Behnken design evaluated the effects of extraction ratio, ethanol concentration, and ultrasound power on total phenolic compounds (TPC), while extraction kinetics were described using the Peleg model. Optimal conditions were 1:36 w/v, 76% ethanol, and 52% ultrasound power, yielding extracts with 20-23 g kg<superscript>-1</superscript> TPC and a profile dominated by flavonols and flavan-3-ols. After simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the biofortified UAE extract (USRM-E) showed 39.8% TPC bioaccessibility. Its intestinal fraction exhibited antiproliferative effects against HT-29 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells and showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic responses in vitro. Overall, combining abiotic stress-induced biofortification with UAE improved phenolic recovery and bioaccessibility, supporting apple peel by-products as sustainable sources of bioactive ingredients for functional food applications through green extraction technologies and valorization strategies.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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