Academic Journal
Multimodal safety assessment of repeated 650-nm red-light irradiation in chick retina.
| Τίτλος: | Multimodal safety assessment of repeated 650-nm red-light irradiation in chick retina. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | He C; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China., Zhang S; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China., Huang Y; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China., Zhang J; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China., Zhou M; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China., Huang S; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China., Peng J; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China., Hong Y; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China., He M; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China; School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong., Xiao P; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: xiaopengaddis@hotmail.com., Zheng YF; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: zhyfeng@mail.sysu.edu.cn. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology [J Photochem Photobiol B] 2026 Sep; Vol. 282, pp. 113534. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 02. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Sequoia Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 8804966 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2682 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10111344 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Photochem Photobiol B Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Lausanne : Elsevier Sequoia, 1987- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Retina*/radiation effects , Retina*/metabolism , Red Light*, Animals ; Chickens ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Electroretinography ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation |
| Περίληψη: | Purpose: To systematically evaluate the dose-dependent ocular safety profile and biological mechanisms of 650 nm repeated red-light (RL) therapy using the chick model. Methods: Chicks received monocular 650 nm red-light exposure. Dosimetry was strictly defined as corneal irradiance (power density measured at the corneal surface) under two regimens: a dose-escalation regimen (1, 5, 10, 15 mW/cm2 for 7 days) and a mid-term (5 mW/cm2 for 30 days) regimens (n = 7 per group). Safety assessments included axial length measurements, in vivo macroscopic imaging via swept-source optical coherence tomography and angiography (SS-OCTA), in vivo full-field electroretinography (ffERG), high-resolution ex vivo cellular imaging via full-field OCT (ffOCT), histology/TUNEL assay and untargeted metabolomic profiling coupled with computational toxicology screening. Results: Physiological axial growth was maintained across all irradiances. Retinal architecture, photoreceptor integrity and retinal ganglion cell survival remained intact, with no apoptotic signaling detected. SS-OCTA revealed a significant dose-dependent increase in the choroidal vessel volume per unit area (CVV/a) without accompanying changes in choroidal thickness or vascular index, indicating physiological vascular modulation rather than structural changes. Dual mode of ffOCT demonstrated preserved photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell layer densities with stable intracellular metabolic motility, ruling out subcellular damage or metabolic stress. ffERG parameters remained stable across all treatment groups. Metabolomic profiling indicated adaptive shifts toward anabolic and bioenergetic pathways, while computational screening detected no enrichment of photochemical or redox-active risk signatures with dose escalation. Conclusions: The chick retina demonstrates a wide biological safety margin for 650 nm repeated red-light exposure, tolerating both supraphysiological irradiance and extended treatment duration without structural, functional or molecular evidence of photochemical injury. These preclinical findings provide evidence evaluating the biological safety margin of repeated 650 nm red light therapy in the retina. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Metabolomics; Ocular safety; Optical coherence tomography; Photobiology; Red-light |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260810 Date Completed: 20260814 Latest Revision: 20260814 |
| Update Code: | 20260815 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113534 |
| PMID: | 42575048 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1873-2682 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2026.113534 |