Academic Journal
Genetic characterization and zoonotic potential of G1-Lineage H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan, 2023.
| Τίτλος: | Genetic characterization and zoonotic potential of G1-Lineage H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan, 2023. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Tan KY; Wildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Arshad N; University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.; Hivet Animal Health Business, Lahore, Pakistan., Butt SL; University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.; Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA., Lee SH; Wildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Seo YR; Wildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Rana AM; Hivet Animal Health Business, Lahore, Pakistan., Kim B; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea., Lee CY; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea., Lee DH; Wildlife Health Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. |
| Πηγή: | Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A [Avian Pathol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 55 (5), pp. 722-733. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 07. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8210638 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1465-3338 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03079457 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Avian Pathol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: London : Informa Healthcare Original Publication: Houghton, Huntingdon, Cambs. : World Veterinary Poultry Association. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype*/genetics , Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype*/isolation & purification , Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype*/classification , Influenza in Birds*/virology , Influenza in Birds*/epidemiology , Influenza in Birds*/transmission , Zoonoses*/virology , Poultry Diseases*/virology , Poultry Diseases*/epidemiology , Chickens*/virology, Pakistan/epidemiology ; Poultry/virology ; Animals ; Phylogeny ; Humans ; Genome, Viral |
| Περίληψη: | The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza A virus has been endemic in poultry populations across Asia and the Middle East, posing ongoing economic and public health concerns. Since their initial detection in Pakistan in the 1990s, H9N2 viruses have caused repeated outbreaks in commercial poultry, leading to substantial economic losses and raising concerns about zoonotic transmission. To characterize the recent genetic evolution and zoonotic potential of circulating strains, five H9N2 isolates were obtained from poultry in Pakistan between January and March 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene revealed that all five isolates belong to the G5.3.2, formerly known as B2, sub-lineage of the G1 Eurasian lineage, in accordance with the revised global classification system for H9 viruses. Comparative genomic analysis confirmed that all eight gene segments were closely related to previously reported Pakistani strains, with no evidence of recent reassortment, suggesting localized persistence and ongoing genetic drift. Notably, several mammalian-adaptive mutations were identified in internal gene segments of the isolates, suggesting a potential risk of cross-species transmission. In addition, all five isolates exhibited dual receptor-binding characteristics, recognizing both α2,3-linked (avian-type) and α2,6-linked (human-type) sialic acid glycans, with a stronger affinity for α2,6-linked glycans. These findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance and risk assessment of H9N2 viruses circulating in Pakistan. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Avian influenza virus; H9N2; Pakistan; phylogenetic analysis; poultry; zoonotic potential |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260807 Date Completed: 20260930 Latest Revision: 20260930 |
| Update Code: | 20260930 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/03079457.2026.2699158 |
| PMID: | 42566313 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1465-3338 |
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| DOI: | 10.1080/03079457.2026.2699158 |