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Molecular insights into the anti-browning effect of protocatechualdehyde.

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Τίτλος: Molecular insights into the anti-browning effect of protocatechualdehyde.
Συγγραφείς: Lin YP; School of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Utilization (2023SSY02091), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China., Zhou DY; School of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Utilization (2023SSY02091), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China., Du SG; School of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Utilization (2023SSY02091), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China., Yu ZF; School of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Utilization (2023SSY02091), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China., Zhou RN; School of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Utilization (2023SSY02091), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China., Li HM; School of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Utilization (2023SSY02091), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China., Chai WM; School of Pharmacy, College of Life Science, and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Resource Utilization (2023SSY02091), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China. Electronic address: chaiweiming@jxnu.edu.cn.
Πηγή: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 379, pp. 153907. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 04.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Original Publication: Guildford, Eng., IPC Science and Technology Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Benzaldehydes*/pharmacology , Benzaldehydes*/chemistry , Catechol Oxidase*/chemistry , Catechol Oxidase*/antagonists & inhibitors , Catechol Oxidase*/metabolism , Catechols*/pharmacology , Catechols*/chemistry , Maillard Reaction*/drug effects, Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Kinetics ; Hydrogen Bonding
Περίληψη: Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a vital polyphenol-metabolizing enzyme responsible for the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables. This study assessed the anti-PPO activity of protocatechualdehyde (PCA), yielding an IC50 value of 94 μM (95% CI: 91.8 to 96.4 μM). Kinetic analysis revealed that PCA acted as a reversible and competitive inhibitor of PPO. Molecular docking indicated that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the main driving forces for PCA-PPO binding. Fluorescence spectroscopy further demonstrated that PCA binding altered the microenvironments around tyrosine and tryptophan residues, leading to conformational rearrangements and partial unfolding of the enzyme, evidenced by significant fluorescence quenching. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that PCA perturbed the secondary structure of PPO and caused stretching of its overall structure, thereby inhibiting the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Furthermore, PCA demonstrated excellent anti-browning activity by regulating phenolic metabolism, reducing membrane lipid peroxidation, enhancing the ascorbic acid-glutathione cycle, and modulating cell wall metabolism to delay cellular senescence. Collectively, these findings offer some valuable insights into the development of PPO inhibitor and anti-browning agent, and provide a theoretical foundation for the potential application of PCA in the area of food preservation.
(Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anti-browning activity; Docking simulation; Polyphenol oxidase; Protocatechualdehyde
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Benzaldehydes)
4PVP2HCH4T (protocatechualdehyde)
EC 1.10.3.1 (Catechol Oxidase)
0 (Catechols)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260804 Date Completed: 20261016 Latest Revision: 20261016
Update Code: 20261016
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.153907
PMID: 42551667
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1879-0003
DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.153907