Academic Journal
Guidance of attention by statistical learning when multiple guidance mechanisms compete.
| Τίτλος: | Guidance of attention by statistical learning when multiple guidance mechanisms compete. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Becker MW; Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 316 Physics Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. Becker54@msu.edu., Dodd M; Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 316 Physics Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA., Janisse T; Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, Psychology Building, 316 Physics Dr., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. |
| Πηγή: | Attention, perception & psychophysics [Atten Percept Psychophys] 2026 Aug 02; Vol. 88 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 02. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101495384 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1943-393X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19433921 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Atten Percept Psychophys Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2011- : New York : Springer Original Publication: Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Attention*/physiology , Pattern Recognition, Visual*/physiology , Learning*/physiology , Probability Learning*, Color Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Cues ; Young Adult ; Female ; Male ; Adult |
| Περίληψη: | Previous research has shown that people are sensitive to statistical regularities and will implicitly learn to bias attention toward locations and features frequently associated with search targets. However, most prior work has involved a single biasing contingency. In Experiment 1, we investigate whether individuals can simultaneously learn and implement two distinct contingencies: one based on location and another based on color. The results suggest that both contingencies are learned implicitly and exert independent effects on attentional allocation. Experiments 2 and 3 examine whether shifting one feature to the volitional system via endogenous cues affects the implicit learning and implementation of contingencies for the other feature. The findings indicate that endogenous cues for one feature do not block implicit learning of contingencies in the other. However, the influence of implicit contingencies on attentional allocation depends on the validity of the volitional cues: they are effective when cues are neutral or valid, but not when invalid. This pattern suggests that the implicit and volitional systems operate hierarchically, with the volitional system taking precedence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Efficient attentional guidance is key to effective visual search. While both volitional control and statistical learning can guide attention, little is known about how attention is influenced when multiple guidance mechanisms compete. Using a task with competing statistical regularities, one for target location and one for color, we show that both statistical learning biases independently influence attention. Shifting a feature to the volitional control system does not disrupt the statistical learning of the other, but invalid volitional cues eliminate statistical learning effects, suggesting a hierarchical relationship. These findings offer new insight into how multiple guidance systems shape attentional allocation. OPEN PRACTICES STATEMENT: Subject level data and SPSS analysis syntax available on the Open Science Framework at: https://osf.io/5vt74/overview . The experiments were not preregistered, but the data, and analysis syntax are publicly available at https://osf.io/5vt74/overview . (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report. Ethics approval: This research was approved by the Human Research Protection Program at Michigan State University (IRB# X17-087eD). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Consent for publication: Participants signed informed consent regarding publishing their data. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Allocation of attention; Statistical learning; Using multiple cues; Visual search |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260802 Date Completed: 20260802 Latest Revision: 20260923 |
| Update Code: | 20260923 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13429549 |
| DOI: | 10.3758/s13414-026-03313-9 |
| PMID: | 42543466 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1943-393X |
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| DOI: | 10.3758/s13414-026-03313-9 |