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Low-energy treatment of decentralized kitchen wastewater: removal efficiency, stability, and microbial characteristics of ITBR in application.

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Τίτλος: Low-energy treatment of decentralized kitchen wastewater: removal efficiency, stability, and microbial characteristics of ITBR in application.
Συγγραφείς: Li K; Faculty of Ecology Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.; Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Karst Environmental Geological Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Guiyang, 550025, China., Sun W; Faculty of Ecology Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.; Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Karst Environmental Geological Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Guiyang, 550025, China., Ren Z; Faculty of Ecology Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.; Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Karst Environmental Geological Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Guiyang, 550025, China., Zheng Y; Faculty of Ecology Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.; Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Karst Environmental Geological Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Guiyang, 550025, China., Zhou H; Faculty of Ecology Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.; Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Karst Environmental Geological Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Guiyang, 550025, China., Li X; Faculty of Ecology Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.; Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Karst Environmental Geological Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Guiyang, 550025, China., Wang H; Faculty of Ecology Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China. wanghan1021@gzmu.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Karst Environmental Geological Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Guiyang, 550025, China. wanghan1021@gzmu.edu.cn., Zhang Y; Faculty of Ecology Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.; Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission: Karst Environmental Geological Disaster Prevention Laboratory, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Πηγή: Bioprocess and biosystems engineering [Bioprocess Biosyst Eng] 2026 Aug; Vol. 49 (8), pp. 2239-2251. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 22.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101088505 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1615-7605 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16157591 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Berlin, Germany : Springer-Verlag, 2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Bioreactors*/microbiology , Wastewater*/microbiology , Biofilms*/growth & development , Water Purification*/methods, Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus
Περίληψη: An integrated two-stage biofilm reactor (ITBR) with a capacity of 16.4 m3/d and a footprint of 28.5 m2 was designed and field-tested for decentralized treatment of rural kitchen wastewater in mountainous Guizhou, China. Employing sludge immobilization, gravity flow, and two-stage low-oxygen aeration, the ITBR achieved average removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and suspended solids (SS) of 92.9 ± 1.6%, 83.6 ± 2.2%, 86.0 ± 1.9%, 84.7 ± 5.9%, and 93.0 ± 4.1%, respectively, with robust stability under fluctuating influent load, temperature, and HRT. Optimized aeration at 341 m3/d in Stage I and 225 m3/d in Stage II yielded volumetric removal loads of 1.30 kg COD/(m3·d) and 0.03 kg NH4+-N/(m3·d) at an energy consumption of only 0.234 kWh/m3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-throughput sequencing revealed abundant extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and filamentous bacteria in both stages; Thiothrix and Candidatus Microthrix dominated Stage I and Stage II, respectively, The EPS matrix and filamentous bacteria played a critical role in microbial immobilization and overall system stability. These findings provided essential biological insights for the optimization and control of the system.
(© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Grant Information: (42107104) National Natural Science Foundation of China; ([2019]1153) Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou province; (No.[2022]147,No.[2021]114) Guizhou Education Department Fund; No. GZMUZK(2022)YB12 the Natural Science Project of Guizhou Minzu University
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Decentralized treatment; High-load; ITBR; Kitchen wastewater; Low-oxygen aeration; Stability
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Wastewater)
N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
27YLU75U4W (Phosphorus)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260722 Date Completed: 20260730 Latest Revision: 20260730
Update Code: 20260730
DOI: 10.1007/s00449-026-03390-y
PMID: 42484641
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1615-7605
DOI:10.1007/s00449-026-03390-y