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The dietary calcium-to-magnesium ratio and its association with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

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Τίτλος: The dietary calcium-to-magnesium ratio and its association with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.
Συγγραφείς: Andrade FN; Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49107-230, Brazil., Menezes-Santos M; Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49107-230, Brazil.; Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil., Goes AC; Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49107-230, Brazil.; Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil., Santos RKF; Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49107-230, Brazil.; Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil., da Costa SSL; Nucleus of Competence in Oil, Gas and Biofuels - NUPEG, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil., Dos Santos SH; Chemistry Post-Graduation Program, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil., de Sousa Rocha V; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil., E Silva AMO; Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.; Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil., Pires LV; Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49107-230, Brazil. lvianapires@gmail.com.; Nutrition Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil. lvianapires@gmail.com.
Πηγή: Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine [Biometals] 2026 Oct; Vol. 39 (5), pp. 1835-1846. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 20.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9208478 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1572-8773 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09660844 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biometals Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 1999- : Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
Original Publication: Oxford, OX : Rapid Communications of Oxford, c1992-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/blood , Magnesium*/blood , Magnesium*/administration & dosage , Calcium, Dietary*/administration & dosage , Calcium, Dietary*/blood , Calcium*/blood , Glycemic Control*, Blood Glucose/analysis ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Insulin Resistance ; Adult
Περίληψη: Inadequate magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) intake has been associated with impaired glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An imbalanced dietary Ca/Mg ratio may affect the concentrations of these nutrients and contribute to poor disease control. This study investigated the association between the dietary Ca/Mg ratio, serum Ca and Mg levels, and glycemic biomarkers in individuals with T2DM. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in adults with T2DM. Body weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and body mass index were assessed. Dietary Ca and Mg intake was evaluated, and the Ca/Mg ratio was calculated. Plasma Ca and Mg were measured by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide, parathyroid hormone, and indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), β-cell function (HOMA-%B), and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) were assessed. Participants were stratified according to dietary Ca/Mg ratio (≤ 2 and > 2). Mann-Whitney or Student's t tests, Pearson's chi-square test, and linear regression analyses were performed (p < 0.05). Of 115 individuals evaluated, 74% were females, with a median age of 49 years and median T2DM duration of 6 years. All participants had inadequate Mg intake (median dietary Ca/Mg ratio: 2.3). A lower dietary Ca/Mg ratio was correlated with higher HOMA-%S (p = 0.049), whereas a higher ratio correlated with higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.05) and C-peptide levels (p = 0.008). Furthermore, a higher dietary Ca/Mg ratio was associated with lower insulin sensitivity (β = - 4.588, p = 0.038). An imbalance between Mg and Ca levels was associated with greater insulin resistance in individuals with T2DM.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Grant Information: Finance Code 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; 455117/2014-4 and 432298/2018-5 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Calcium; Calcium to magnesium ratio; Glycemic Control; Insulin Resistance; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency
Substance Nomenclature: I38ZP9992A (Magnesium)
0 (Calcium, Dietary)
0 (Blood Glucose)
SY7Q814VUP (Calcium)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260720 Date Completed: 20260826 Latest Revision: 20260829
Update Code: 20260829
PubMed Central ID: PMC13518385
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-026-00834-6
PMID: 42474889
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1572-8773
DOI:10.1007/s10534-026-00834-6