Tyrosinase inhibition mechanism of kojic acid-phenylpiperazine derivatives and their anti-browning effect on fresh-cut apples.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Tyrosinase inhibition mechanism of kojic acid-phenylpiperazine derivatives and their anti-browning effect on fresh-cut apples.
Συγγραφείς: Zhao Y; State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China., Zhang J; State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China., Huang Y; State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China., Peng Z; Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China. Electronic address: pengzhiyun1986@163.com., Wang G; State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China. Electronic address: wanggch123@163.com.
Πηγή: Food chemistry [Food Chem] 2026 Oct 01; Vol. 525 (Pt 2), pp. 150421. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 14.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7702639 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03088146 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Barking : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers
Original Publication: Barking, Eng., Applied Science Publishers.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Monophenol Monooxygenase*/antagonists & inhibitors , Monophenol Monooxygenase*/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors*/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Piperazines*/chemistry , Piperazines*/pharmacology , Pyrones*/chemistry , Pyrones*/pharmacology , Malus*/chemistry , Malus*/enzymology , Fungal Proteins*/chemistry , Fungal Proteins*/antagonists & inhibitors , Plant Proteins*/chemistry , Plant Proteins*/antagonists & inhibitors, Fruit/chemistry ; Fruit/enzymology ; Maillard Reaction/drug effects ; Food Preservation/methods ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Kinetics ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Structure
Περίληψη: Tyrosinase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the enzymatic browning reaction, is a key target for fresh food preservation. Fifteen novel kojic acid-phenylpiperazine derivatives (4a-4o) were synthesized and structurally characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. In vitro assays showed most derivatives had stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity than kojic acid (IC50 = 21.85 ± 0.23 μmol/L), with 4c performing best (IC50 = 8.19 ± 0.22 μmol/L). Kinetic analysis identified 4c as a mixed-type inhibitor, and spectral assays plus molecular docking revealed its precise binding to tyrosinase via static quenching, conformational induction and copper chelation. Fresh-cut apple assays confirmed 4c's excellent anti-browning efficacy, while cytotoxicity and acute oral toxicity tests proved its low toxicity to HEK-293 cells and no visceral damage to mice at effective concentrations. In conclusion, 4c exhibited promising anti-browning potential. Available toxicological data suggest that it possessed low toxicity, and it was worthy of further investigation as a lead compound of tyrosinase inhibitors in food preservation.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anti-browning agent; Kojic acid; Piperazine; Tyrosinase inhibitor
Substance Nomenclature: EC 1.14.18.1 (Monophenol Monooxygenase)
6K23F1TT52 (kojic acid)
0 (Enzyme Inhibitors)
0 (Piperazines)
0 (Pyrones)
J9225CBI7D (phenylpiperazine)
0 (Fungal Proteins)
0 (Plant Proteins)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260717 Date Completed: 20260906 Latest Revision: 20260906
Update Code: 20260906
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150421
PMID: 42468424
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1873-7072
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150421