Utilization of Citrus Peel Waste for Regulating Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation in Cement-Based Materials: Mechanical Performance and Freeze-Thaw Resistance.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Utilization of Citrus Peel Waste for Regulating Enzyme-Induced Carbonate Precipitation in Cement-Based Materials: Mechanical Performance and Freeze-Thaw Resistance.
Συγγραφείς:	Meng Y; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China., Su X; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China., Zhao S; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China., Zan Q; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China., Wang L; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China., Guo W; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
Πηγή:	Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) [Molecules] 2026 Jul 01; Vol. 31 (13). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 01.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 100964009 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1420-3049 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14203049 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Molecules Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c1995-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Citrus/chemistry , Urease/chemistry , Urease/metabolism , Calcium Carbonate/chemistry , Carbonates/chemistry , Construction Materials, Urea/chemistry ; Glycine max/enzymology ; Freezing ; Compressive Strength ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Chemical Precipitation
Περίληψη:	This study investigates citrus peel powder (CP) as an environmentally friendly admixture to regulate plant-derived urease (with soybean powder (SP) as the urease source) and to promote bio-mediated CaCO3 mineralization, thereby improving the mechanical and freeze-thaw (FT) resistance properties of cement-based materials. When CP is combined with urea and soybean urease, it exhibits a regulatory effect on urease activity. For the CPUD (CP-encapsulated urea combined with soy powder)-modified material with SP dosage in cement content of 0.2 wt%, the CP-urea modification treatment can effectively improve their mechanical properties and FT durability. The flexural and compressive strengths at 28 days are increased by 10.53% and 11.19%, respectively, compared to the blank group. After freeze-thaw cycles, the strengths are still 27.08% and 26.67% higher than those of the blank group, and their respective strength loss rates are 7.58% and -5.77% (negative indicating a net strength increase), compared with 21.31% and 9.48% for the blank group. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses reveal that CP-urea promotes the formation and effective packing of calcium carbonate. Mechanistically, CP establishes a stable hydrogen-bonding network with both urea and urease, exerting a dual regulatory effect: it enhances the electrophilicity of urea while also creating a physical mass transfer barrier to precisely control biomineralization. Notably, CP can be directly used without pretreatment, offering a sustainable strategy for citrus peel waste valorization.
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: cement; citrus peel; freeze–thaw cycles; mechanical; urease
Substance Nomenclature:	EC 3.5.1.5 (Urease) 8W8T17847W (Urea) H0G9379FGK (Calcium Carbonate) 0 (Carbonates)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260715 Date Completed: 20260715 Latest Revision: 20260726
Update Code:	20260726
PubMed Central ID:	PMC13362673
DOI:	10.3390/molecules31132308
PMID:	42451675
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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ISSN:	1420-3049
DOI:	10.3390/molecules31132308