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Acute Hypoxia Induces Transient Olfactory Dysfunction through Olfactory Epithelial Degeneration and Bulbar Mitochondrial Stress in Zebrafish.

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Τίτλος: Acute Hypoxia Induces Transient Olfactory Dysfunction through Olfactory Epithelial Degeneration and Bulbar Mitochondrial Stress in Zebrafish.
Συγγραφείς: DeWitt-Batt SL; Biology Department and Neuroscience Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423.; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642., DeMann KE; Biology Department and Neuroscience Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423., Houck CJ; Biology Department and Neuroscience Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423., Larson CL; Biology Department and Neuroscience Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423., Horsburgh LA; Biology Department and Neuroscience Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423., Thomas EA; Biology Department and Neuroscience Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423., Sanchez L; Biology Department and Neuroscience Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423., Calvo-Ochoa E; Biology Department and Neuroscience Department, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423 calvoochoa@hope.edu.
Πηγή: ENeuro [eNeuro] 2026 Jul 30; Vol. 13 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 30 (Print Publication: 2026).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Society for Neuroscience Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101647362 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2373-2822 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23732822 NLM ISO Abbreviation: eNeuro Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Washington, DC] : Society for Neuroscience, [2014]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Hypoxia*/pathology , Hypoxia*/complications , Hypoxia*/physiopathology , Hypoxia*/metabolism , Olfactory Mucosa*/pathology , Olfactory Mucosa*/metabolism , Olfactory Mucosa*/physiopathology , Mitochondria*/metabolism , Mitochondria*/pathology , Olfactory Bulb*/pathology , Olfactory Bulb*/metabolism , Olfactory Bulb*/physiopathology , Olfaction Disorders*/pathology , Olfaction Disorders*/etiology , Olfaction Disorders*/physiopathology , Olfaction Disorders*/metabolism, Animals ; Zebrafish ; Male ; Female ; Disease Models, Animal
Περίληψη: Hypoxic-ischemic injury is a major cause of olfactory dysfunction, yet the cellular and morphological mechanisms underlying this sensory loss remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the structural, cellular, and functional effects of acute hypoxic exposure on the olfactory system of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) of both sexes, a model organism with remarkable neuroregenerative capacity. Fish were subjected to 15 min of acute severe hypoxia (0.8 mg/L DO) and assessed at 1 and 5 d posthypoxia. We evaluated olfactory function by means of cadaverine-evoked aversive behavioral assays. Structural and morphological integrity and inflammation of the olfactory epithelium (OE) and olfactory bulb (OB) were characterized using immunohistochemistry, histological stainings, and a 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride colorimetric assay. Acute hypoxic exposure impaired olfactory-mediated behaviors without affecting locomotion or exploratory behavior. In the peripheral OE, hypoxia caused neurodegeneration, disruption of the nasal mucus layer, and robust leukocytic infiltration. We observed reduced mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in the OB along with reactive astrogliosis. Olfactory function recovered by 5 d, coinciding with full restoration of OE morphology, which was supported by a strong proliferative response. These findings reveal a coordinated degenerative and regenerative response to hypoxia across the olfactory axis, with implications for understanding hypoxia-induced sensory loss and neural repair.
(Copyright © 2026 DeWitt-Batt et al.)
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: hypoxia; ischemia; neurodegeneration; neurogenesis; neuroinflammation; olfactory dysfunction; olfactory system; zebrafish
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260714 Date Completed: 20260730 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13423510
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0119-26.2026
PMID: 42448568
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:2373-2822
DOI:10.1523/ENEURO.0119-26.2026