Academic Journal
Early risk factors and six month posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity following trauma.
| Title: | Early risk factors and six month posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity following trauma. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Chen XS; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA., Harb F; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA., deRoon-Cassini TA; Division of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA., Larson CL; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA. |
| Source: | European journal of psychotraumatology [Eur J Psychotraumatol] 2026 Dec; Vol. 17 (1), pp. 2689203. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 13. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101559025 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2000-8066 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20008066 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Psychotraumatol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2016- : Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis Original Publication: [Järfälla] : [Amsterdam] : Co-action Pub. ; The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, [2010]- |
| MeSH Terms: | Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic*/etiology, Humans ; Risk Factors ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sleep Quality ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Middle Aged |
| Abstract: | Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health concern associated with persistent psychological impairment following trauma exposure. Early identification of risk factors is critical for timely intervention and prevention of chronic symptoms.Objective: This study examined early post-trauma cognitive, emotional, trauma-related, and socioeconomic factors associated with PTSD symptom severity at six-month follow-up, with sleep quality and self-perceived pain as potential mediators.Method: A total of 178 adults were recruited from an emergency department and assessed approximately two weeks following trauma exposure. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate cognitive attributions, trauma history, emotion responding and regulation, and socioeconomic factors as predictors of six-month PTSD symptom severity. PTSD symptom severity at two weeks post-trauma was included as a covariate to account for early symptom levels.Results: Maladaptive cognitive attributions demonstrated strong direct associations with later PTSD symptom severity and significant indirect associations through sleep quality and self-perceived pain. Trauma history showed a modest association with PTSD symptoms. Emotion responding and regulation was indirectly associated with PTSD symptom severity through sleep quality, suggesting a sleep-mediated pathway. Socioeconomic factors were not significantly associated with PTSD symptom severity. These effects were observed after accounting for PTSD symptom severity at two weeks post-trauma.Conclusions: Early maladaptive cognitive attributions and sleep disturbances represent key clinical targets for early post-trauma intervention. Addressing these factors promptly after trauma may help reduce the risk of chronic PTSD. |
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| Grant Information: | R01 MH106574 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Modelado de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales; Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); TEPT; atribuciones cognitivas; cognitive attributions; dolor; emotion responding and regulation; factores socioeconómicos; historial de trauma; pain; partial least squares structural equation modeling; respuesta y regulación emocional; sleep; socioeconomic factors; sueño; trastorno de estrés postraumático; trauma history Local Abstract: [plain-language-summary] Early maladaptive cognitive attributions following trauma are strongly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms six months later, both directly and through disrupted sleep and increased pain.Difficulties with emotion responding and regulation predict later posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms indirectly through poor sleep quality.These findings highlight early cognitive processes and sleep disturbances as key clinical targets for preventing chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after trauma. |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260713 Date Completed: 20260713 Latest Revision: 20260821 |
| Update Code: | 20260821 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13366650 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/20008066.2026.2689203 |
| PMID: | 42439563 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 2000-8066 |
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| DOI: | 10.1080/20008066.2026.2689203 |