Academic Journal
Continuous glucose monitoring in spanish primary care: Current situation and Delphi consensus to inform clinical practice recommendations.
| Τίτλος: | Continuous glucose monitoring in spanish primary care: Current situation and Delphi consensus to inform clinical practice recommendations. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Cebrián Cuenca AM; Family Medicine, Centro de Salud Casco Antiguo Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; Primary Care Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Murcia (IMIB), Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC), Barcelona, Spain., de la Cuadra-Grande A; Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), Paseo Joaquín Rodrigo 4 - Letter I, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28224, Spain. Electronic address: adelacuadra@porib.com., Arranz Martínez E; Centro de salud San Blas, Madrid, Spain; Coordinator of the study group in Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN), Madrid, Spain., Egocheaga Cabello MI; Centro de Salud Isla de Oza, Madrid, Spain; Study group in Cardiovascular disease and Diabetes Mellitus, Sociedad Española de Médicos Generales y de Familia (SEMG), Madrid, Spain., Mingorance Cruz N; Nurse specilizing in Primary and Community Care, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; Federación de Asociaciones de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria (FAECAP), Madrid, Spain., Cuatrecasas Cambra G; Family Medicine, Primary Care in Equipo de Atención Primaria (EAP), Sarrià, Barcelona, Spain; Fundación redGDPS, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain., Álvarez Hermida ÁB; Federación de Asociaciones de Enfermería Familiar y Comunitaria (FAECAP), Madrid, Spain; Nurse specilizing in Primary and Community Care, Centro de salud Goya, Madrid, Spain., Navarro J; Centro de salud Salvador Pau, Valencia, Spain; Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER), Epidemiología y Salud Pública (ESP), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria (semFYC), Barcelona, Spain., Oyagüez I; Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research Iberia (PORIB), Paseo Joaquín Rodrigo 4 - Letter I, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28224, Spain., Barrot de la Puente J; Centro de salud Jordi Nadal, Salt, Girona, Spain; Fundación redGDPS, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Estudio de la Diabetes en la Atención Primaria de la Salud (GEDAPS), Societat Catalana de Medicina Familiar i Comunitària (CAMFiC), Barcelona, Spain; Grupo Direcció d'Atenció Primària de Catalunya (DAP_Cat), Fundación IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain. |
| Συλλογικό Έργο: | Consensus Group |
| Πηγή: | Primary care diabetes [Prim Care Diabetes] 2026 Oct; Vol. 20 (5), pp. 562-573. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 11. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101463825 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-0210 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18780210 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Prim Care Diabetes Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Primary Health Care*/standards , Primary Health Care*/trends , Blood Glucose*/metabolism , Blood Glucose*/drug effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/drug therapy , Practice Patterns, Physicians'*/standards , Practice Patterns, Physicians'*/trends , Glycemic Control*/standards , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring*/standards , Continuous Glucose Monitoring*, Biomarkers/blood ; Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards ; Humans ; Delphi Technique ; Spain ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Consensus ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Health Care Surveys ; Female ; Male ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Adult ; Nurses ; Middle Aged |
| Περίληψη: | Objective: To assess the current situation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use in Spanish primary care (PC) and to agree on CGM-related aspects that should be addressed in future clinical practice recommendations. Methods: This cross-sectional study combined a 29-item survey with a Delphi consensus. The survey explored professional characteristics, regional access, use of CGM, coordination between care levels, training, barriers, and perceived impact on clinical management. The Delphi panel evaluated 131 criteria, assessing consensus via RAND/UCLA method. Results: 58 PC healthcare professionals participated (40 physicians, 18 nurses). Participants reported low CGM prescription uptake among eligible people with type 2 diabetes, and identified barriers to broader implementation, particularly lack of CGM integration into electronic medical records (EMRs), limited consultation time, training needs, and suboptimal coordination between primary and hospital care. The main changes perceived as necessary were continuing education, integration of CGM data into EMRs, development of national protocols, and more time per consultation. The Delphi process supported the inclusion of 129 criteria in future recommendations. Conclusions: Spanish PC professionals perceive CGM as a useful tool, but its implementation remains limited by organizational, training, and access-related barriers. Recommendations on CGM use in Spanish PC should be based on this Delphi consensus. (Copyright © 2026 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest A.M.C.C. has received honoraria for consulting activities, clinical research, and speaker engagements from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Janssen, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Roche, and Sanofi. A.C.G. and I.O. are employees of PORIB, a consultant company specializing in health economics and outcomes research, which has received fees for providing methodological support to this study. E.A.M. and J.N. declare that they do not have any conflict of interest. M.I.E.C. has received honoraria for consulting activities, clinical research, and speaker engagements from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MSD and Novo Nordisk. N.M.C. reports personal fees for consultancy, clinical research, speaker engagements and teaching from Abbott, Ascensia and Liesno Buno, outside the submitted work. G.C.C. has received honoraria for speaker engagements from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche. Consulting activities from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim. A.B.A.H. has received honoraria for consulting activities, and speaker engagements from Abbott, Ascensia,Grünenthal, Novo Nordisk,Liesno Buno, Roche, and Sanofi. J.B.P. has attended consulting meetings and scientific content sessions sponsored by pharmaceutical companies including Abbott, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Esteve, Janssen, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Mylan, and Sanofi Aventis. |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Blood Glucose) 0 (Biomarkers) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260711 Date Completed: 20260907 Latest Revision: 20260907 |
| Update Code: | 20260908 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.pcd.2026.07.007 |
| PMID: | 42436068 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1878-0210 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.pcd.2026.07.007 |