Endocrine‑metabolic imbalance drives osteoarthritis: From whole‑joint pathobiology to precision therapy (Review).

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Endocrine‑metabolic imbalance drives osteoarthritis: From whole‑joint pathobiology to precision therapy (Review).
Συγγραφείς:	Yang R; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China., Zeng H; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China., Xiao Q; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China., Xie Y; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China., Long Y; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China., Chen X; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.
Πηγή:	International journal of molecular medicine [Int J Mol Med] 2026 Sep; Vol. 58 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 10.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: D.A. Spandidos Country of Publication: Greece NLM ID: 9810955 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1791-244X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 11073756 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: Athens, Greece : D.A. Spandidos, [1998-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Osteoarthritis/metabolism , Osteoarthritis/pathology , Osteoarthritis/therapy , Joints/pathology , Joints/metabolism , Precision Medicine, Humans ; Animals
Περίληψη:	Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease closely associated with aging and metabolic dysfunction, characterized by cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, aberrant subchondral bone remodeling, pain and progressive functional impairment. Beyond mechanical loading, accumulating evidence indicates that OA is increasingly recognized as a whole‑joint disorder shaped by the interplay between local tissue damage and systemic endocrine‑metabolic imbalance. Endocrine factors, including sex hormones, thyroid hormone, melatonin, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, together with metabolic disturbances, such as obesity, insulin resistance, dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism and gut microbiota imbalances, can cooperatively remodel the joint microenvironment. Mechanistically, these alterations converge on immuno‑inflammatory amplification, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, metabolic reprogramming and regulated cell death, thereby promoting extracellular matrix degradation, persistent synovitis and uncoupled bone‑cartilage remodeling. The present review systematically summarizes the molecular basis of endocrine‑metabolic crosstalk in OA and discusses emerging therapeutic opportunities targeting hormonal signaling, metabolic pathways, circadian regulation, nutritional support and lifestyle interventions. Nevertheless, the reciprocal interactions among endocrine signals, systemic metabolic abnormalities and local joint pathology remain incompletely understood, and their translation into mechanism‑based clinical stratification remains at an early stage. Thus, targeting endocrine‑metabolic crosstalk may support mechanism‑based phenotyping and subtype‑informed precision therapy for OA, provided that candidate biomarkers and interventions are validated in prospective clinical studies.
References:	Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Apr;11(14):e2307338. (PMID: 38342630) Cell Death Dis. 2021 Sep 23;12(10):865. (PMID: 34556628) Nutrients. 2022 Sep 24;14(19):. (PMID: 36235621) Apoptosis. 2023 Apr;28(3-4):293-312. (PMID: 36645574) Postgrad Med J. 2025 Apr 22;101(1195):464-474. (PMID: 39665162) Life Sci. 2015 Nov 1;140:75-8. (PMID: 26094910) Lancet. 2025 Jan 4;405(10472):71-85. (PMID: 39755397) Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 10;15(1):1578. (PMID: 39794440) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023 May;31(5):647-655. (PMID: 36801367) Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Aug;15(8):479-488. (PMID: 31160732) Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Oct;123:110712. (PMID: 37523972) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Jan 5;118(1):. (PMID: 33443201) Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Jun;33(6):3157-3176. (PMID: 40350466) Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Jan;81(1):87-99. (PMID: 34706873) N Engl J Med. 2024 Oct 31;391(17):1573-1583. (PMID: 39476339) Calcif Tissue Int. 2022 Jul;111(1):87-95. (PMID: 35179619) Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 May 1;200:87-101. (PMID: 36907253) J Int Med Res. 2020 Jun;48(6):300060520931609. (PMID: 32552129) Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 28;12(1):1567. (PMID: 35091584) J Pineal Res. 2021 Oct;71(3):e12762. (PMID: 34435392) Front Nutr. 2025 Oct 31;12:1627421. (PMID: 41245401) BMJ Glob Health. 2025 Mar 04;10(3):. (PMID: 40037907) Cartilage. 2021 Dec;13(1_suppl):1598S-1609S. (PMID: 33327733) Br J Pharmacol. 2018 Aug;175(16):3230-3238. (PMID: 28585236) Biomolecules. 2024 Sep 21;14(9):. (PMID: 39334958) Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 24;24(7):. (PMID: 37047082) Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Apr 6;60(4):1676-1686. (PMID: 33027520) Aging Cell. 2018 Aug;17(4):e12771. (PMID: 29744983) Redox Biol. 2024 Jul;73:103143. (PMID: 38754271) Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Sep 08;10:992764. (PMID: 36158216) Mol Med. 2025 Dec 19;32(1):9. (PMID: 41419794) J Adv Res. 2025 Mar;69:515-529. (PMID: 38621621) Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 6;15(1):38963. (PMID: 41198759) Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023 Aug;75(8):1358-1369. (PMID: 36924130) BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 Apr 21;26(1):387. (PMID: 40259278) Nat Rev Immunol. 2024 Aug;24(8):577-595. (PMID: 38565643) Br J Nutr. 2022 Jan 14;127(1):55-67. (PMID: 33750486) Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Dec 23;101(51):e32466. (PMID: 36595852) Arthritis Rheumatol. 2025 Feb;77(2):151-162. (PMID: 39262222) Redox Biol. 2023 Nov;67:102867. (PMID: 37688977) Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2024 Nov;42(11):2258-2264. (PMID: 39008290) Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Aug;99:102404. (PMID: 38971322) J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Aug 23;20(1):794. (PMID: 40849628) BMC Public Health. 2024 Nov 13;24(1):3155. (PMID: 39538170) Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Sep;11(34):e2400196. (PMID: 38978353) J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Sep 9;19(1):550. (PMID: 39252111) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014 Nov;22(11):1826-32. (PMID: 25084132) Orthop Surg. 2022 Sep;14(9):2230-2237. (PMID: 35894841) Nat Aging. 2025 Jul;5(7):1295-1316. (PMID: 40579479) JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Feb 1;4(2):e2037107. (PMID: 33599773) Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Oct 4;103(40):e39924. (PMID: 39465712) Biomedicines. 2022 May 10;10(5):. (PMID: 35625846) BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 Jan 7;26(1):23. (PMID: 39773699) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2024 Nov;32(11):1397-1404. (PMID: 39103081) Front Genet. 2022 Oct 04;13:968919. (PMID: 36267400) Ann Med. 2021 Dec;53(1):2380-2390. (PMID: 34933614) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2024 Oct;32(10):1283-1294. (PMID: 38815737) Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2025 Feb 13;11(1):10. (PMID: 39948092) Arthritis Rheum. 2012 May;64(5):1466-76. (PMID: 22143922) Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 21;12:1604872. (PMID: 40761349) Nat Med. 2017 Jun;23(6):775-781. (PMID: 28436958) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2016 Dec;24(12):2048-2054. (PMID: 27374879) Mol Med Rep. 2017 Dec;16(6):9449-9456. (PMID: 29039543) J Clin Med. 2019 Aug 07;8(8):. (PMID: 31394795) Autophagy. 2020 Jul;16(7):1262-1278. (PMID: 31500508) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018 May 24;58(8):1243-1249. (PMID: 27786539) J Bone Miner Res. 2022 May;37(5):1056-1072. (PMID: 35147250) Nat Aging. 2025 Jan;5(1):65-86. (PMID: 39820791) Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;51(1):228-243. (PMID: 30448827) Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Dec 12;11:1425210. (PMID: 39726683) Front Immunol. 2024 Jan 24;15:1331934. (PMID: 38327517) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017 Feb;25(2):287-296. (PMID: 27693501) Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 May 19;16(1):251. (PMID: 40390010) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022 Apr;30(4):501-515. (PMID: 34537381) Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Jan;55(1):16-24. (PMID: 26231344) Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Oct;33(10):5963-5975. (PMID: 40999118) Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Aug;99:102382. (PMID: 38917934) J Endocrinol. 2025 Jul 04;266(1):. (PMID: 40540650) Osteoporos Int. 2023 Oct;34(10):1677-1701. (PMID: 37393580) Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 17;13:930511. (PMID: 36325344) Scand J Pain. 2025 Jan 09;25(1):. (PMID: 39787455) J Nutr Metab. 2020 May 21;2020:4143802. (PMID: 32566279) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023 Oct;31(10):1303-1311. (PMID: 37353140) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017 May;13(5):302-311. (PMID: 28381830) Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022 Nov;34(11):2603-2623. (PMID: 36287325) Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Aug;11(30):e2402477. (PMID: 38874373) Nutrients. 2024 Oct 04;16(19):. (PMID: 39408351) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Dec;27(12):1761-1767. (PMID: 31450004) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017 Jul;25(7):1100-1106. (PMID: 28163248) Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Jul 15;15:1414350. (PMID: 39076510) Korean J Intern Med. 2022 Jan;37(1):222-229. (PMID: 31875669) Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Jan;170:115990. (PMID: 38061136) Bone Res. 2023 Aug 4;11(1):42. (PMID: 37542028) Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2019 Dec 7;21(12):71. (PMID: 31813080) Cell Death Dis. 2022 Mar 7;13(3):215. (PMID: 35256585) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2020 May;28(5):572-580. (PMID: 32156623) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Nov;12(11):632-644. (PMID: 27652499) Int J Biol Sci. 2023 Jan 1;19(2):675-690. (PMID: 36632459) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2025 Dec;33(12):1443-1453. (PMID: 40915381) Adv Healthc Mater. 2024 Nov;13(29):e2400804. (PMID: 39363784) Mol Aspects Med. 2025 Jun;103:101361. (PMID: 40156972) Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Aug;74(8):1571-9. (PMID: 24695009) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2024 Aug;32(8):886-895. (PMID: 38821468) N Engl J Med. 2021 Jan 7;384(1):51-59. (PMID: 33406330) J Clin Invest. 2020 Oct 1;130(10):5493-5507. (PMID: 32955487) Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 17;24(4):. (PMID: 36835491) Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2023 Apr;38(2):190-202. (PMID: 37150515) Curr Obes Rep. 2023 Sep;12(3):308-331. (PMID: 37578613) Ann Rheum Dis. 2025 Jan;84(1):124-135. (PMID: 39874226) J Orthop Translat. 2023 Dec 29;44:47-59. (PMID: 38229660) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021 Jan;17(1):47-57. (PMID: 33208917) Yonsei Med J. 2020 Apr;61(4):331-340. (PMID: 32233176) J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2024 Apr 15;32(8):331-338. (PMID: 38412226) BMC Public Health. 2024 Jan 19;24(1):233. (PMID: 38243159) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023 Nov;31(11):1491-1500. (PMID: 37328047) Biosci Trends. 2019 Jan 22;12(6):605-612. (PMID: 30584213) Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Oct 02;15:1364027. (PMID: 39415792) Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Apr;4(4):331-44. (PMID: 15803196) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024 Sep;20(9):565-584. (PMID: 39112603) Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 May 2;104(18):e42230. (PMID: 40324262) J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 Mar 13;18(1):198. (PMID: 36915137) Nat Commun. 2023 May 31;14(1):3159. (PMID: 37258510) Pharmacotherapy. 2025 Mar;45(3):177-186. (PMID: 39980227) Front Immunol. 2025 Jun 25;16:1608378. (PMID: 40636124) Nutrients. 2025 Jan 26;17(3):. (PMID: 39940305) BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 Dec 9;26(1):1088. (PMID: 41366660) Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 May;12(20):e2413709. (PMID: 40150862) Life (Basel). 2023 Feb 03;13(2):. (PMID: 36836794) Redox Biol. 2025 Sep;85:103757. (PMID: 40669206) Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Aug;49(1):9-19. (PMID: 30712918) Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2548045. (PMID: 40828304) Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Nov;124(Pt A):110781. (PMID: 37625369) Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Mar;75(3):509-518. (PMID: 35225437) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022 Jan;30(1):10-16. (PMID: 34023527) J Dent Res. 2024 Jul;103(7):712-722. (PMID: 38766865) Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2023 Mar 1;35(2):128-134. (PMID: 36695054) EBioMedicine. 2022 Feb;76:103847. (PMID: 35101656) Stem Cell Res Ther. 2025 Jun 9;16(1):299. (PMID: 40490830) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2024 Sep;32(9):1032-1044. (PMID: 38703811) Drugs. 1996;52 Suppl 3:14-20. (PMID: 8911795) Exp Gerontol. 2025 Dec;212:112974. (PMID: 41297720) J Orthop Surg Res. 2024 Jul 25;19(1):429. (PMID: 39054551) Biol Sex Differ. 2016 Jun 02;7:27. (PMID: 27257472) Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 05;23(5):. (PMID: 35270000) Endocr Rev. 2016 Apr;37(2):135-87. (PMID: 26862888) Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 13;25(6):. (PMID: 38542216) J Pineal Res. 2024 Mar;76(2):e12945. (PMID: 38348943) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Sep;13(9):769-81. (PMID: 15978850) Biol Direct. 2025 Mar 31;20(1):41. (PMID: 40165317) Clin Rheumatol. 2025 Apr;44(4):1439-1448. (PMID: 40047991) Nat Commun. 2022 Nov 21;13(1):7139. (PMID: 36414669) Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Sep;82(9):1218-1226. (PMID: 37258065) Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Apr;25(4):633-42. (PMID: 19830459) Int J Mol Med. 2020 Mar;45(3):769-778. (PMID: 31922219) Bone Res. 2024 Dec 3;12(1):69. (PMID: 39627227) Redox Biol. 2023 Jun;62:102663. (PMID: 36924682) Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(5):R182. (PMID: 20923566) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024 Sep;20(9):545-564. (PMID: 39122910) Apoptosis. 2026 Jan 09;31(1):3. (PMID: 41511581) Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Dec 5;142(Pt A):113071. (PMID: 39236462) Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 14;24(10):. (PMID: 37240086) Sci Adv. 2025 Apr 25;11(17):eadt5915. (PMID: 40279436) Arthritis Rheum. 2002 Jul;46(7):1956-64. (PMID: 12124881) Nat Commun. 2025 Dec 12;17(1):724. (PMID: 41387463) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2025 Oct;33(10):1229-1236. (PMID: 40058626) Pharmacol Res. 2021 Apr;166:105497. (PMID: 33609697) Exp Mol Med. 2021 Nov;53(11):1735-1747. (PMID: 34759325) Biomed Res Int. 2020 Feb 15;2020:3105248. (PMID: 32149100) Front Immunol. 2025 Jun 06;16:1604652. (PMID: 40547014) Front Nutr. 2025 Feb 26;12:1552047. (PMID: 40078412) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021 Sep;29(9):1282-1290. (PMID: 33975017) Eur J Med Res. 2022 Jul 11;27(1):114. (PMID: 35820977) Scand J Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;45(5):412-22. (PMID: 26901593) Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009 Apr;5(4):211-8. (PMID: 19352319) J Pineal Res. 2024 Sep;76(6):e12992. (PMID: 39228264) Bone Res. 2023 Mar 1;11(1):12. (PMID: 36854703) FASEB J. 2026 Jan 31;40(2):e71295. (PMID: 41562301) Cell Metab. 2017 Jul 5;26(1):110-130. (PMID: 28625867) Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 12;21(12):. (PMID: 32545631) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Jan 2;8(1):. (PMID: 28710257) Osteoporos Int. 2012 Oct;23(10):2469-78. (PMID: 22159632) Maedica (Bucur). 2021 Sep;16(3):375-381. (PMID: 34925590) Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Feb 10;12(2):. (PMID: 35204546) Ageing Res Rev. 2022 Jun;78:101635. (PMID: 35483626) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022 Mar;30(3):395-405. (PMID: 34715366) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016 Jul;12(7):412-20. (PMID: 27192932) Joint Bone Spine. 2024 Mar;91(2):105634. (PMID: 37684000) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2025 Oct;33(10):1237-1245. (PMID: 40221126) Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020 Jan;72(1):98-106. (PMID: 30418707) Int J Biol Sci. 2024 Jan 27;20(4):1256-1278. (PMID: 38385071) Nat Commun. 2025 May 27;16(1):4892. (PMID: 40425566) J Pain. 2023 Jul;24(7):1251-1261. (PMID: 36863678) Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Feb;31(1):359-368. (PMID: 36427113) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999 Nov;7(6):560-6. (PMID: 10558854) Sci Rep. 2025 May 28;15(1):18740. (PMID: 40437041) J Clin Med. 2019 Sep 08;8(9):. (PMID: 31500387) Science. 2022 Mar 18;375(6586):1254-1261. (PMID: 35298263) Maturitas. 2020 Feb;132:17-23. (PMID: 31883658) Immune Netw. 2024 Apr 12;24(3):e15. (PMID: 38974211) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2026 May;34(5):657-666. (PMID: 41456642) Cell. 2016 Jun 2;165(6):1332-1345. (PMID: 27259147) J Clin Med. 2025 Feb 18;14(4):. (PMID: 40004871) Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(5):241. (PMID: 19804619) Life Sci. 2023 Sep 15;329:121944. (PMID: 37453577) Nat Metab. 2023 Mar;5(3):398-413. (PMID: 36864206) Lancet Rheumatol. 2023 Apr;5(4):e225-e238. (PMID: 38251525) Chem Biol Interact. 2023 Oct 1;384:110724. (PMID: 37741535) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023 Apr;31(4):447-457. (PMID: 36621591) Biomedicines. 2024 Jul 23;12(8):. (PMID: 39200096) Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Sep;73(9):1656-1662. (PMID: 33760399) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019 Jun;15(6):355-363. (PMID: 31068673) Inflammation. 2020 Jun;43(3):916-936. (PMID: 31981062) Prog Lipid Res. 2021 Jul;83:101113. (PMID: 34217732) Trends Mol Med. 2025 Mar;31(3):281-295. (PMID: 39438197) Lancet Rheumatol. 2022 Sep 21;4(10):e725-e737. (PMID: 36341025) Int J Psychophysiol. 2021 Sep;167:1-6. (PMID: 34139278) J Orthop Surg Res. 2025 Mar 03;20(1):227. (PMID: 40025522) Ann Rheum Dis. 2024 Jun 12;83(7):926-944. (PMID: 38325908) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021 Nov;29(11):1575-1589. (PMID: 34500105) BMC Public Health. 2024 Mar 11;24(1):758. (PMID: 38468219) Aging Cell. 2024 Nov;23(11):e14294. (PMID: 39126207) Endocr Pract. 2025 Sep;31(9):1197-1206. (PMID: 40669822) Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Feb;40(2):711-724. (PMID: 32705443) J Adv Res. 2022 Nov;41:63-75. (PMID: 36328754) Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2545417. (PMID: 40873417) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2025 Nov;21(11):671-683. (PMID: 41034339) Mater Today Bio. 2022 Feb 21;14:100223. (PMID: 35243298) Nat Commun. 2020 Jul 9;11(1):3427. (PMID: 32647171) J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000 Feb;58(2):189-96; discussion 196-7. (PMID: 10670598) Orthop Surg. 2021 Jul;13(5):1662-1672. (PMID: 34105258) Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 May;307(Pt 2):142017. (PMID: 40081693) Arthritis Res Ther. 2023 Apr 11;25(1):58. (PMID: 37041609) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Jun;15(6):597-604. (PMID: 17391995) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2025 Jul;33(7):888-896. (PMID: 39537017) Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020 Nov;72(11):1511-1518. (PMID: 31557423) Int J Mol Med. 2022 May;49(5):. (PMID: 35293597) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022 Jun;30(6):765-766. (PMID: 35257863) Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Oct 31;104(44):e44850. (PMID: 41261678) Heliyon. 2021 Apr 13;7(4):e06760. (PMID: 33912721) Phytother Res. 2024 Jul;38(7):3352-3369. (PMID: 38642047) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Jun;27(6):965-976. (PMID: 30716534) Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 Apr 3;62(4):1652-1661. (PMID: 35984286) Front Genet. 2021 Jul 26;12:686939. (PMID: 34381493) J Pineal Res. 2016 Nov;61(4):411-425. (PMID: 27555371) Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 02;14:1090596. (PMID: 36817415) Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012 Dec;8(12):729-37. (PMID: 22907293) Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 May;79(5):635-645. (PMID: 32156705) Physiol Rev. 2017 Jan;97(1):135-187. (PMID: 27807202) Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Apr;13(4):330-7. (PMID: 15780646) JAMA. 2021 Feb 9;325(6):568-578. (PMID: 33560326) Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 13;9(1):13235. (PMID: 31519956)
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: endocrine‑metabolic crosstalk; hormonal regulation; joint microenvironment; metabolic dysfunction; osteoarthritis; precision medicine
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260710 Date Completed: 20260710 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code:	20260814
PubMed Central ID:	PMC13378586
DOI:	10.3892/ijmm.2026.5923
PMID:	42429052
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

Περιγραφή
ISSN:	1791-244X
DOI:	10.3892/ijmm.2026.5923