Academic Journal
Long-read genome sequencing resolves a de novo complex 18q12.1q21.2 triplication causing partial tetrasomy and reveals its underlying mechanism.
| Τίτλος: | Long-read genome sequencing resolves a de novo complex 18q12.1q21.2 triplication causing partial tetrasomy and reveals its underlying mechanism. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Redaelli S; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy., Tritto V; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy., Mangano E; Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, 20054, Italy., Bordoni R; Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, 20054, Italy., Sala E; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, 20900, Italy., Villa N; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, 20900, Italy., Crosti F; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, 20900, Italy., Dalprà L; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, 20900, Italy., Spaccini L; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy., Sirtori A; Scuola di Specializzazione in Genetica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy., Cazzaniga G; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, 20900, Italy., Conconi D; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy., Bentivegna A; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy. angela.bentivegna@unimib.it.; UC Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, 20900, Italy. angela.bentivegna@unimib.it., Riva P; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy. paola.riva@unimi.it. |
| Πηγή: | Human genetics [Hum Genet] 2026 Jul 04; Vol. 145 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 04. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Case Reports |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 7613873 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03406717 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hum Genet Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Berlin : Springer Verlag Original Publication: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18*/genetics , Tetrasomy*/genetics , Triploidy*, Humans ; Female ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Pregnancy ; Karyotyping ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization |
| Περίληψη: | Chromosomal triplications are rare structural variations often associated with complex phenotypes. We report the molecular characterization of a novel intrachromosomal triplication at 18q12.1q21.2 identified in a fetus with ultrasound abnormalities. Conventional karyotyping and array-CGH revealed a partial tetrasomy and a 26 Mb region of loss of homozygosity (LOH), extending from the triplication to the telomere. Long-read sequencing (LRS) identified breakpoint junctions revealing a direct-inverted-direct triplication structure. Breakpoint analysis suggested that this rearrangement arose through a U-type exchange between sister chromatids, likely mediated by microhomology-based mechanisms. This process likely generated a transient dicentric chromosome that subsequently broke during mitosis. The resulting duplicated chromosome may have been stabilized by telomere capture, consistent with the triplicated 18q12.1q21.2 region followed by the 18q21.2q23 LOH. Nine genes within the triplicated region, including SMAD2 and SMAD4, showed high predicted sensitivity to increased dosage, possibly contributing to the clinical phenotype. This study highlights the utility of LRS in defining complex chromosomal rearrangements and emphasizes the importance of molecular breakpoint analysis for understanding pathogenic mechanisms and improving genetic prenatal diagnosis. (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: We followed the guidelines of the ethics committee of the Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza. Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from parents’ participants included in the study. Consent for publication: Participants signed informed consent regarding publishing the data. |
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| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260704 Date Completed: 20260704 Latest Revision: 20260813 |
| Update Code: | 20260814 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13332952 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00439-026-02855-0 |
| PMID: | 42400701 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1432-1203 |
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| DOI: | 10.1007/s00439-026-02855-0 |