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Heavy Metal Concentration in Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla L.) Cultivated Along River Banks in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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Title: Heavy Metal Concentration in Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla L.) Cultivated Along River Banks in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Tefera B; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, aau.edu.et.; Geochemical Research Laboratory, Geological Institute of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Tessema M; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, aau.edu.et., Habetgebriel MH; Department of Microbial Sciences and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, aau.edu.et.; Crops Breeding and Genetics, Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Source: International journal of analytical chemistry [Int J Anal Chem] 2026 Jun 28; Vol. 2026, pp. 1246637. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 28 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Hindawi Pub. Corp Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101519424 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1687-8760 (Print) Linking ISSN: 16878760 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Anal Chem Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Cairo] : Hindawi Pub. Corp.
Abstract: This study employed flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the levels of selected heavy metals in Swiss chard. Samples were collected from three vicinities of Addis Ababa: Akaki, Sebeta, and Kotebe. A 0.5-g dried and powdered sample was analyzed using the wet digestion method with 69%-72% HNO3 and 70% HClO4, with optimized digestion. The calibration curves and coefficient (r) value were between 0.996 and 0.999, showing very good linearity. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was tested using samples that had a known amount of the substance added. The recovery percentages ranged from 95.89% to 100%, which is a good range. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of nickel (0.017) and zinc (0.088) in the Swiss chard were determined . The mean concentrations of metals in Swiss chard from the three areas indicated a higher concentration of zinc in Kotebe compared to Akaki and Sebeta. A higher concentration of nickel (Ni) was found in Akaki's Swiss chard compared to Sebeta and Kotebe. The Pearson correlation coefficients of metals from the Swiss chard between nickel and zinc showed a very strong correlation. The best approach combines immediate risk reduction such as cleaner irrigation and consumer warnings, with long-term remediation such as soil treatment, pollution control, and policy enforcement to protect both farmers and consumers.
(Copyright © 2026 Betelhem Tefera et al. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Swiss chard; digestion; optimization; selected metals; spectrophotometry
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260629 Date Completed: 20260629 Latest Revision: 20260926
Update Code: 20260926
PubMed Central ID: PMC13310366
DOI: 10.1155/ianc/1246637
PMID: 42371602
Database: MEDLINE
Description
ISSN:1687-8760
DOI:10.1155/ianc/1246637