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Exploring Phosphatidylethanol Cutoffs for Self-Reported Unhealthy Alcohol Use: An International Multi-Site Analysis.

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Τίτλος: Exploring Phosphatidylethanol Cutoffs for Self-Reported Unhealthy Alcohol Use: An International Multi-Site Analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Murnane PM; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Xia F; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Afshar M; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA., Brown JL; Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA., Chamie G; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Cook RL; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA., Couture MC; University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., DiClemente RJ; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA., Fatch R; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Ferguson T; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA., Francis JM; Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Haberer JE; Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Global Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Jacobson KR; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Justice AC; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.; Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA., Kapiga S; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania.; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Kim TW; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Krupitsky E; First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.; V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia., Marcus GM; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA., Molina PE; Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA., Muyindike WR; Department of Internal Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda., Myers B; Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.; Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Page K; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA., Phillips SA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA., Piano MR; Center for Research Development and Scholarship, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA., Richards VL; TSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA., So-Armah K; Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Stewart S; Department of Family Medicine, Division of Addiction Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA., Sulkowski MS; School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Tien PC; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.; San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA., Woolf-King S; Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA., Hahn JA; Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Πηγή: Alcohol, clinical & experimental research [Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)] 2026 Jun; Vol. 50 (6), pp. e70361.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Multicenter Study
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Wiley Periodicals Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9918609780906676 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2993-7175 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 29937175 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley Periodicals, [2023]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Glycerophospholipids*/blood , Self Report*/standards , Alcohol Drinking*/blood , Alcoholism*/diagnosis , Alcoholism*/blood , Alcoholism*/epidemiology , Internationality*, Biomarkers/blood ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Περίληψη: Background: Unhealthy alcohol use is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality, yet screening is hampered by inaccurate reporting. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a biomarker that quantifies total drinking over the past 2-4 weeks, but PEth cutoffs for unhealthy drinking have not been well-examined.
Methods: We pooled data from 22 studies (11,088 persons globally) that previously collected PEth and self-reported alcohol use. Within a 90% training set, we calculated PEth cutoffs per Youden's J in 1000 bootstrapped samples and explored differences by region, age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), HIV status, hemoglobin level, and an indirect serum marker of liver fibrosis, FIB-4. For each cutoff, we estimated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in a 10% validation dataset. We used two definitions for self-reported unhealthy drinking per Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption (AUDIT-C) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).
Results: Optimal PEth cutoffs using self-reported alcohol use as the reference standard differed substantially by region. The cutoff for AUDIT-C-measured unhealthy alcohol use in studies from the United States (US) was 14.0 ng/mL (95% CI: 12.3-18.6) with 73.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 67.3-79.1) and 77.4% specificity (95% CI: 73.2-81.4); and was 65.7 ng/mL (95% CI 19.3-90.7) in studies from Africa, with 71.7% sensitivity (95% CI: 64.4-78.7) and 65.2% specificity (95% CI: 58.1-72.7). Cutoffs for AUDIT-C did not differ between subgroups in the US, but within Africa, cutoffs were higher for men and lower for those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Cutoffs for NIAAA defined unhealthy alcohol use were similar to those using the AUDIT-C.
Conclusions: Using self-report as the reference standard, PEth cutoffs differed substantially by region and by some other characteristics, which may be attributable to differences in PEth formation, elimination and/or reporting bias. Further work using objective gold-standard measures of alcohol consumption is needed for more definitive conclusions.
(© 2026 The Author(s). Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Research Society on Alcohol.)
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Grant Information: R01 AA018631 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; P30 AI027763 United States NH NIH HHS; U01 AA026226 United States NH NIH HHS; NIH R01 DA016065 United States NH NIH HHS; R01 AI119037 United States NH NIH HHS; NIH P01 AA029545, NIH U24 AA020794 United States NH NIH HHS; NIH T32 DA017629 United States NH NIH HHS; OPP1056051 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; U01 AA026223 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; R01 DA016017, U01 AA022001, U10 AA013566, K24 AA022586 United States NH NIH HHS; U01 AA020780, R01 AA022222, K01 AA021671, U01 AA020797 United States NH NIH HHS; U01 AA026223, U01 HL146242, K24 AI108516, R01 DK109823 United States NH NIH HHS; R01 AA018096, K23 AA024503, U01 AA020790, U01 AA020795 United States NH NIH HHS; U01 AA020776 United States NH NIH HHS; U01 AA020776 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; K24 AA022586 United States AA NIAAA NIH HHS; U01 AA020784, P60 AA009803, R21 AA024535, R01 AA017911 United States NH NIH HHS; R01 AA018631 United States NH NIH HHS; NIH R24AA019661, NIH R01 DA051464 United States NH NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: alcohol drinking; biomarkers; cutoffs; metabolism; phosphatidylethanol; self‐report
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (phosphatidylethanol)
0 (Glycerophospholipids)
0 (Biomarkers)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260625 Date Completed: 20260625 Latest Revision: 20260729
Update Code: 20260729
PubMed Central ID: PMC13296258
DOI: 10.1111/acer.70361
PMID: 42345465
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:2993-7175
DOI:10.1111/acer.70361