Academic Journal
Nutritional screening within the GLIM procedure-Part 1: Development of a conceptual definition of risk of malnutrition using a modified Delphi procedure.
| Τίτλος: | Nutritional screening within the GLIM procedure-Part 1: Development of a conceptual definition of risk of malnutrition using a modified Delphi procedure. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Jager-Wittenaar H; Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dietetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Research Unit Experimental Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: h.jager-wittenaar@radboudumc.nl., Sealy M; Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dietetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Barazzoni R; Department of Medical, Technological and Translational Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy., Blaauw R; Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa., Cederholm T; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Chapple LA; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Intensive Care Research Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia., Compher C; Biobehavioral Health Science Department and Nutrition Programs, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Correia MITD; Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Fukushima R; Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan., Gonzalez MC; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil., Jensen GL; Dean's Office and Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA., Lew CCH; Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore City, Singapore., Lim SL; Dietetics Department, National University Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore., Malone A; New Albany, Ohio, USA., Pisprasert V; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand., Rothenberg E; Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden., Steiber A; Research, International, and Scientific Affairs Team, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA., Naumann E; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., de van der Schueren M; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands. |
| Πηγή: | Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) [Clin Nutr] 2026 Aug; Vol. 63, pp. 106708. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 24. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8309603 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-1983 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02615614 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: <2004->: Kidlington, Oxford, U.K. : Elsevier Original Publication: Edinburgh ; New York : Churchill Livingstone, c1982- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Malnutrition*/diagnosis , Mass Screening*/methods , Delphi Technique* , Nutrition Assessment*, Humans ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Focus Groups ; Consensus ; Female ; Adult ; Nutritional Status ; Male ; Risk Assessment |
| Περίληψη: | Background: This article presents the results of the modified Delphi study conducted by the GLIM Risk of Malnutrition Working Group to develop a consensus-based conceptual definition of "risk of malnutrition," as first step in revising the GLIM screening procedure. Methods: Focus groups with nutritional care experts and patient/older adult representatives, and a literature exploration informed 46 statements on risk of malnutrition. Malnutrition experts (n = 112) evaluated these statements, using a five-point Likert scale. Statements with ≥75% agreement were accepted; those with ≥75% disagreement and/or neutrality were rejected. Remaining statements were marked "undecided" and re-evaluated in later rounds. Results: In three questionnaire rounds (response rates 63%, 59%, and 54%), 26 statements were ultimately accepted to shape the conceptual definition of "risk of malnutrition". The GLIM Working Group and patient/older adult representatives reviewed the pre-final professional and layperson versions. Risk of malnutrition was defined as: A dynamic state, with or without unintentional weight loss, in which an individual has one or more risk factors, that is, nutrition impact symptoms, and/or disease-related, physical, psychological, social, demographic, and economic risk factors, that may result in malnutrition and may negatively impact clinical outcomes. In the layperson version, sentences were simplified to aid comprehension. Conclusion: GLIM has developed the first global (professional and layperson) conceptual definition of risk of malnutrition. This definition will guide future nutritional screening recommendations and a more preventive malnutrition approach. It also implies that screening tools covering "risk of malnutrition" should no longer be validated against signs or the diagnosis of malnutrition. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Conflict of interest HJW was co-developer of the PG-SGA-based Pt-Global web tool. MdvdS, EN, RtB, RBar, LC, CC, RF, CL, SL, AM, ER, AS, MS, VP: none declared. RBl is doing consultancy work for Fresenius Kabi, Baxter, Nestle. TC has received lecture fees and travel support from Fresenius-Kabi, Nestlé and Nutricia. MIC has received fees for educational material and lectures by Abbott, Fresenius, Baxter, Nestlé. MCG has received honoraria and/or paid consultancy from Abbott Nutrition, Nutricia, and Nestlé Health Science Brazil. GJ may receive royalties as a coeditor of Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 12th Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, MA, 2026. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Concept formation; Delphi technique; Malnutrition; Risk factors |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260624 Date Completed: 20260723 Latest Revision: 20260723 |
| Update Code: | 20260724 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106708 |
| PMID: | 42342512 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1532-1983 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.clnu.2026.106708 |