Genomic characterisation and global phylogenomic placement of a high-level azithromycin (HL-AziR) and fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae ST9363 strain from Chile.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Genomic characterisation and global phylogenomic placement of a high-level azithromycin (HL-AziR) and fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae ST9363 strain from Chile.
Συγγραφείς:	Aguayo-Reyes A; Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Infecciosas (GrEEn-UdeC), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Grupo de Estudio en Resistencia Antimicrobiana (GRAM), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Regional de Concepción Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente (HGGB), Concepción, Chile., Quezada-Aguiluz M; Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Infecciosas (GrEEn-UdeC), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Grupo de Estudio en Resistencia Antimicrobiana (GRAM), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Chabouty-García H; Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Clínico Regional de Concepción Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente (HGGB), Concepción, Chile., Gonzalez-Muñoz P; Grupo de Estudio de Enfermedades Infecciosas (GrEEn-UdeC), Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile., Ilabaca-Carrasco F; Grupo de Estudio en Resistencia Antimicrobiana (GRAM), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Morales-León F; Unidad de Paciente Crítico (UPC), Hospital Las Higueras, Talcahuano, Chile., Matus-Köhler M; Grupo de Estudio en Resistencia Antimicrobiana (GRAM), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Fuller S; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Aguilera F; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Neil M; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Metabolic Health Research Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Centre for Microbial Interactions, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK., Evans BA; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Metabolic Health Research Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Centre for Microbial Interactions, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK., González-Rocha G; Grupo de Estudio en Resistencia Antimicrobiana (GRAM), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Opazo-Capurro A; Grupo de Estudio en Resistencia Antimicrobiana (GRAM), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos (LIAA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. Electronic address: andopazo@udec.cl.
Πηγή:	Journal of global antimicrobial resistance [J Glob Antimicrob Resist] 2026 Sep; Vol. 50, pp. 91-94. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 24.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of International Society of Chemotherapy for Infection and Cancer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101622459 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2213-7173 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22137165 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Glob Antimicrob Resist Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: Amsterdam : Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of International Society of Chemotherapy for Infection and Cancer
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genetics , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/classification , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification , Azithromycin/pharmacology , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics, Gonorrhea/microbiology ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; Humans ; Chile ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Genome, Bacterial ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Third Generation Cephalosporins ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Περίληψη:	Background: Antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) is a WHO priority pathogen and represents a serious public health threat. This study reports the first Chilean Ng ST9363 isolate (GC11/23) exhibiting dual high-level resistance to azithromycin and fluoroquinolone, recovered from a urethral discharge sample in July 2023. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using disk diffusion and MIC strip tests. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using a hybrid approach, followed by annotation using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP). In silico analyses included Staramr, MLST and NG-STAR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the core genome of 2417 global ST9363 Ng isolates using IQ-TREE and visualised with TreeViewer. Results: GC11/23 exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, penicillin and azithromycin, while remaining susceptible only to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin. The isolate belonged to ST9363 and NG-STAR 3194. Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance were identified in gyrA and parC, while high-level azithromycin resistance (HL-AziR) was linked to mutations in all four copies of the 23S rRNA gene, as well as in mtrD and mtrR. Additional resistance-associated alterations included an insertion (ins346D) in penA and a mutation in rpsJ, conferring resistance to penicillin and tetracycline, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis clustered GC11/23 with isolates from the USA and Europe collected in 2019. Conclusions: GC11/23 represents a multidrug-resistant Ng strain belonging to ST9363/NG-STAR 3194 and carrying mutations conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, azithromycin, penicillin and tetracycline. Its phylogenetic placement within a European lineage highlights the global dissemination of HL-AziR and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Fluoroquinolone-resistance; High-level azithromycin resistance; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; ST9363; WHO priority pathogen
Substance Nomenclature:	83905-01-5 (Azithromycin) 0 (Fluoroquinolones) 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) F8VB5M810T (Tetracycline) 0 (Third Generation Cephalosporins)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260624 Date Completed: 20260923 Latest Revision: 20260923
Update Code:	20260924
DOI:	10.1016/j.jgar.2026.06.008
PMID:	42342119
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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Περιγραφή
ISSN:	2213-7173
DOI:	10.1016/j.jgar.2026.06.008