Academic Journal
Objective Assessment of Visual Workload in Video Display Terminal Workers Using a Non-Invasive Monitoring System.
| Τίτλος: | Objective Assessment of Visual Workload in Video Display Terminal Workers Using a Non-Invasive Monitoring System. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Marelli E; Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Ruongo D; Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Beschi G; Eye Unit, ASST SpedaliCivili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Eye Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Valsecchi N; Eye Unit, ASST SpedaliCivili di Brescia,Brescia, Italy; Eye Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Romano V; Eye Unit, ASST SpedaliCivili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Eye Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Semeraro F; Eye Unit, ASST SpedaliCivili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Eye Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Dalola S; Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Sala E; Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Tomasi C; Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Ferrari V; Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Ferrari M; Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., De Palma G; Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. |
| Πηγή: | La Medicina del lavoro [Med Lav] 2026 Jun 24; Vol. 117 (3), pp. 18795. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 24. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Observational Study |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Mattioli 1885 Country of Publication: Italy NLM ID: 0401176 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0025-7818 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00257818 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Med Lav Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Fidenza : Mattioli 1885 Original Publication: Milano : Società italiana di medicina del lavoro. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Occupational Diseases*/diagnosis , Occupational Diseases*/etiology , Workload* , Computer Terminals*, Fatigue/etiology ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Blinking ; Video Recording ; Fixation, Ocular |
| Περίληψη: | Background: The risk assessment for video display terminal (VDT) operators in occupational settings often relies on indirect estimates, such as self-reported screen time, which may not accurately reflect the true visual workload. The objective is to assess visual workload in VDT workers by measuring active screen fixation time with a non-invasive monitoring system and to explore its relationship with ocular surface alterations and fatigue-related indicators. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 38 administrative workers employed at a hospital booking center. Active VDT screen fixation, as well as shift duration and time spent in front of the VDT screen, were objectively measured using a patented video-based monitoring system. Ophthalmological evaluation included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI®), tear break-up time (BUT), and slit-lamp examination. Other investigated markers included blink rate, the Percentage of Eyelid Closure over the Pupil over Time (PERCLOS), and the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). Results: Active screen fixation accounted for approximately 60% of the total recorded working time. Ophthalmological assessment identified alterations of the ocular surface in a substantial proportion of workers, with pathological BUT values observed in nearly half (47%) of the study population. No statistically significant associations were found between objectively measured fixation time and ocular or fatigue-related outcomes. PERCLOS80 and blink rate values remained within physiological ranges across the work shift. Conclusions: Objective measurement of screen fixation provides a more accurate characterization of visual workload among VDT workers than indirect exposure estimates and may support occupational health surveillance and risk assessment in VDT-exposed workers. |
| References: | Eur J Pharm Sci. 2022 Aug 1;175:106206. (PMID: 35568107) Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 23;10:CD008570. (PMID: 30350850) Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023 Apr;71(4):1348-1356. (PMID: 37026266) Ann Occup Environ Med. 2023 Jan 09;35:e1. (PMID: 36819846) Acta Ophthalmol. 2022 Dec;100(8):861-877. (PMID: 35441459) Work. 2021;69(3):1019-1026. (PMID: 34219695) J Safety Res. 2020 Feb;72:173-187. (PMID: 32199560) Prev Med. 2023 May;170:107493. (PMID: 36977430) Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 05;17(3):. (PMID: 32033372) Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 22;19(7):. (PMID: 35409467) Br J Health Psychol. 2004 Sep;9(Pt 3):279-91. (PMID: 15296678) Appl Ergon. 2017 Nov;65:1-11. (PMID: 28802427) BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Apr 29;11:79. (PMID: 20429925) J Optom. 2024 Jan-Mar;17(1):100482. (PMID: 37866176) Ann Med. 2023 Dec;55(1):241-252. (PMID: 36576348) Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2012 Aug;107(2):294-307. (PMID: 22119762) Ind Health. 1996;34(2):61-9. (PMID: 8857276) Sleep Adv. 2023 Jan 24;4(1):zpad006. (PMID: 37193281) Curr Eye Res. 2022 Jun;47(6):813-823. (PMID: 35521685) Acta Ophthalmol. 2022 Nov;100(7):723-739. (PMID: 35122403) J Occup Rehabil. 2006 Sep;16(3):265-77. (PMID: 16802184) Sensors (Basel). 2019 Jun 22;19(12):. (PMID: 31234490) Bioengineering (Basel). 2023 Jun 04;10(6):. (PMID: 37370617) Environ Res. 2018 Jul;164:149-157. (PMID: 29499467) Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jul 06;23(13):. (PMID: 37448047) Ophthalmology. 2022 Oct;129(10):1192-1215. (PMID: 35597519) J Psychosom Res. 2003 Apr;54(4):345-52. (PMID: 12670612) Int Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct;42(10):3253-3272. (PMID: 35678897) Med J Armed Forces India. 2016 Jul;72(3):270-6. (PMID: 27546968) J Adv Nurs. 2022 Jul;78(7):2095-2110. (PMID: 35112736) Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2022 Dec;17(1):2054513. (PMID: 35354419) Front Public Health. 2022 Nov 17;10:910608. (PMID: 36466469) Ocul Surf. 2024 Jan;31:11-20. (PMID: 38070708) Comput Math Methods Med. 2022 Oct 11;2022:4911005. (PMID: 36267308) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260624 Date Completed: 20260624 Latest Revision: 20260813 |
| Update Code: | 20260813 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13353174 |
| DOI: | 10.23749/mdl.2026.18795 |
| PMID: | 42340219 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 0025-7818 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.23749/mdl.2026.18795 |