Exploring the Potential of Population-Optimized Red Blood Cell Antigens and Platelet HLA Typing for Homologous Blood Transfusion Detection in Japanese Athletes.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Exploring the Potential of Population-Optimized Red Blood Cell Antigens and Platelet HLA Typing for Homologous Blood Transfusion Detection in Japanese Athletes.
Συγγραφείς:	Momobayashi A; Anti-Doping Laboratory, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan., Okano M; Anti-Doping Laboratory, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
Πηγή:	Drug testing and analysis [Drug Test Anal] 2026 Sep; Vol. 18 (9), pp. 1186-1197. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 23.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101483449 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1942-7611 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19427603 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Drug Test Anal Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Blood Platelets/immunology , Doping in Sports/prevention & control , Erythrocytes/immunology , Erythrocytes/chemistry , Histocompatibility Testing/methods , HLA Antigens/blood , HLA Antigens*/analysis, Flow Cytometry/methods ; Humans ; Athletes ; Blood Transfusion ; Japan ; East Asian People
Περίληψη:	Homologous blood transfusion (HBT) doping, using donor red blood cells (RBCs) to enhance oxygen capacity, remains a persistent challenge for doping control laboratories, especially in specific populations. Current RBC antigen-based flow cytometric detection (double population, DP) has limited sensitivity in genetically homogeneous populations due to common phenotypic overlap. This study aimed to enhance HBT detection by optimizing population-specific RBC antigen panels and incorporating complementary platelet-derived human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers. Based on antigen-negative frequency, M, N, and Le^b antigens were evaluated as candidate markers for improved discrimination in the Japanese population. In simulated HBT samples with a 5% mixing ratio, N antigen showed a clearly separated bimodal distribution, indicating strong potential for DP detection. Although Le^b antigen showed unclear DP, M antigen displayed uniformly high expression, useful for distinguishing expressing populations. In addition, platelet HLA analysis, especially targeting HLA-A24, enabled detection of donor-derived components even with identical RBC antigen phenotypes. Mixed samples containing as low as 1%-5% donor cells produced visually detectable DP signals in the platelet gate. In conclusion, integrating a race-tailored RBC antigen panel with complementary platelet HLA monitoring may provide a potentially improved framework for HBT detection, particularly in ethnically homogeneous populations like Japan. The optimal antigen panel is highly population-specific due to genetic variations, requiring adaptation for other diverse ethnic groups. Future cohort studies are warranted to validate this dual approach and refine detection sensitivity. (© 2026 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: HLA; doping; flow cytometry; homologous blood transfusion; red blood cell
Substance Nomenclature:	0 (HLA Antigens)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260624 Date Completed: 20260901 Latest Revision: 20260930
Update Code:	20260930
PubMed Central ID:	PMC13532906
DOI:	10.1002/dta.70108
PMID:	42338234
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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Περιγραφή
ISSN:	1942-7611
DOI:	10.1002/dta.70108