Academic Journal
Social Disadvantage and Language Disorder: Is Dissociating Possible?
| Τίτλος: | Social Disadvantage and Language Disorder: Is Dissociating Possible? |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Rakhlin N; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI., Li N; The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg., Momotenko D; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation., Sukmanova A; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.; National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation., Ivanova E; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom., Kosikova A; Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Russian Federation., Grigorenko EL; Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Russian Federation.; Department of Psychology, University of Houston, TX.; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. |
| Πηγή: | American journal of speech-language pathology [Am J Speech Lang Pathol] 2026 Sep 08; Vol. 35 (5), pp. 1998-2015. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 23. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Comparative Study |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9114726 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1558-9110 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10580360 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Speech Lang Pathol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Rockville Md : American Speech-Language-Hearing Association |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Language Development Disorders*/diagnosis , Language Development Disorders*/psychology , Language Development Disorders*/epidemiology , Child Language* , Social Class*, Humans ; Female ; Low Socioeconomic Status ; Child ; Language Tests ; Male ; Socioeconomic Disparities in Health ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Child, Preschool ; Urban Population ; Poverty |
| Περίληψη: | Purpose: We (a) investigated whether children of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are at a greater risk of developmental language disorder (DLD) than children of higher SES, based on standardized assessment; (b) identified the language skills most strongly affected by SES; and (c) examined which standardized and naturalistic measures best differentiate DLD in children from lower SES backgrounds. Method: We compared Russian-speaking children of middle SES (urban) and low SES (rural) on standardized language tasks. To disentangle SES effects from heritable risk for DLD, we further compared low-SES children from two rural populations-one with a high prevalence of DLD and one with an average level of DLD-using standardized language tasks and indices of narrative microstructure. Results: Rural children performed more poorly than urban children across all assessments, whereas the two rural samples differed only minimally on most subtests. Sentence repetition showed the largest SES effect and the smallest DLD effect. In contrast, the only standardized subtest that differentiated the high-risk from average-risk rural group involved following multistep directions, which exhibited a modest SES but a large DLD effect. Most indices of narrative microstructure did not reliably distinguish children at a high risk for DLD from those at an average risk within the rural sample. Conclusions: Our results suggest that rural poverty exerts a pronounced effect on multiple aspects of both expressive and receptive language. Although test bias may account for some of these differences, it is unlikely to explain the large disparity between rural and urban children, particularly on sentence repetition. This pattern indicates that expressive syntax-particularly in tasks with high working memory demands-is especially vulnerable to the effects of social disadvantage, in a manner functionally similar to DLD. In contrast, receptive tasks that require children to follow multipart directions appear to be a relative strength for children from lower SES backgrounds and may serve as a useful diagnostic marker for differentiating heritable DLD in this group of children. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.32653542. |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260623 Date Completed: 20260908 Latest Revision: 20260908 |
| Update Code: | 20260908 |
| DOI: | 10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00442 |
| PMID: | 42334980 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1558-9110 |
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| DOI: | 10.1044/2026_AJSLP-25-00442 |