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Dentin tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based sealer after removal of calcium hydroxide or N-acetylcysteine medicaments: an in vitro study.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Dentin tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based sealer after removal of calcium hydroxide or N-acetylcysteine medicaments: an in vitro study.
Συγγραφείς: Coşar S; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey., Sarı M; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey. sarimerve94@outlook.com.
Πηγή: BMC oral health [BMC Oral Health] 2026 Jun 15; Vol. 26 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 15.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088684 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6831 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726831 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Oral Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Silicates*/chemistry , Calcium Hydroxide*/chemistry , Calcium Compounds*/chemistry , Root Canal Filling Materials*/chemistry , Acetylcysteine*/chemistry , Root Canal Irrigants*/chemistry , Dentin*/ultrastructure , Dentin Permeability*, Root Canal Preparation/methods ; Root Canal Obturation/methods ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Materials Testing ; Drug Combinations ; Bicuspid
Περίληψη: Background: This study aimed to evaluate, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the dentin tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based root canal sealer after removal of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intracanal medicaments with needle irrigation or EDDY sonic activation.
Methods: Root canals of 128 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were prepared with ProTaper Next. Canals received Ca(OH)2 (Kalsin) or (NAC) for 7 days. Medicaments were removed using conventional needle irrigation or EDDY sonic activation. Specimens were obturated with a calcium silicate-based sealer Bioserra using the single-cone technique. CLSM quantified residual medicament and sealer penetration into dentin tubules. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with the significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: Neither the type of intracanal medicament nor the activation technique significantly affected the residual medicament amount (p > 0.05). However, the type of medicament significantly influenced sealer penetration, with NAC showing greater dentin tubule penetration than Ca(OH)₂ (p < 0.05). The activation technique did not significantly influence sealer penetration (p > 0.05). Sealer penetration was highest in the coronal third and lowest in the apical third (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, NAC enhanced the dentin tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based sealer compared with Ca(OH)₂. The activation technique did not affect sealer penetration or residual medicament.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Non Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Protocol Number: 2024/22). The authors certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from the all individual participants included in the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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J Dent. 2006 Oct;34(9):623-34. (PMID: 16413653)
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J Endod. 2020 Sep;46(9):1302-1308. (PMID: 32615175)
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Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:164065. (PMID: 26413504)
J Endod. 2004 Aug;30(8):559-67. (PMID: 15273636)
Restor Dent Endod. 2020 Jun 09;45(3):e35. (PMID: 32839716)
Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Jan 3;38(1):30. (PMID: 36595139)
Materials (Basel). 2021 Jun 10;14(12):. (PMID: 34200848)
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Nov;106(5):757-62. (PMID: 18718786)
Int Endod J. 2011 Aug;44(8):697-730. (PMID: 21535021)
Eur Endod J. 2017 Jun 20;2(1):1-6. (PMID: 33403323)
Lasers Med Sci. 2024 Jan 12;39(1):27. (PMID: 38214804)
Dent Clin North Am. 1992 Apr;36(2):327-41. (PMID: 1572502)
Int Endod J. 2019 Aug;52(8):1210-1217. (PMID: 30828819)
J Conserv Dent Endod. 2025 Apr;28(4):309-313. (PMID: 40302832)
J Endod. 2007 Aug;33(8):957-61. (PMID: 17878082)
Restor Dent Endod. 2013 Aug;38(3):186. (PMID: 24010088)
J Endod. 2009 Jun;35(6):791-804. (PMID: 19482174)
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Aug;69(8):4814-22. (PMID: 12902275)
J Endod. 2019 Mar;45(3):322-326. (PMID: 30803540)
Eur Respir J. 2000 Aug;16(2):253-62. (PMID: 10968500)
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 Aug;67(4):311-8. (PMID: 20638597)
Clin Oral Investig. 2017 Dec;21(9):2681-2687. (PMID: 28185091)
Iran Endod J. 2020 Fall;15(4):236-245. (PMID: 36704111)
J Endod. 2006 Apr;32(4):281-90. (PMID: 16554195)
J Conserv Dent Endod. 2025 Jan;28(1):39-43. (PMID: 39974683)
Cureus. 2019 Jul 25;11(7):e5241. (PMID: 31565639)
BMC Microbiol. 2010 May 12;10:140. (PMID: 20462423)
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Apr 07;25(1):502. (PMID: 40197333)
Odontology. 2024 Jul;112(3):672-699. (PMID: 38374511)
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J Endod. 2003 Aug;29(8):501-4. (PMID: 12929695)
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Grant Information: 24.DHU.002 Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Scientific Research Projects
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Calcium hydroxide; Calcium silicate–based sealer; Confocal laser scanning microscopy; N-acetylcysteine
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Silicates)
PF5DZW74VN (Calcium Hydroxide)
0 (Calcium Compounds)
S4255P4G5M (calcium silicate)
0 (Root Canal Filling Materials)
WYQ7N0BPYC (Acetylcysteine)
0 (Root Canal Irrigants)
0 (Drug Combinations)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260616 Date Completed: 20260828 Latest Revision: 20260910
Update Code: 20260911
PubMed Central ID: PMC13523325
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-026-08809-2
PMID: 42298535
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Dentin tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based sealer after removal of calcium hydroxide or N-acetylcysteine medicaments: an in vitro study.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Coşar+S%22&quot;&gt;Coşar S&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Sarı+M%22&quot;&gt;Sarı M&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey. sarimerve94@outlook.com.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22101088684%22&quot;&gt;BMC oral health&lt;/searchLink&gt; [BMC Oral Health] 2026 Jun 15; Vol. 26 (1). &lt;i&gt;Date of Electronic Publication: &lt;/i&gt;2026 Jun 15.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: This study aimed to evaluate, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the dentin tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based root canal sealer after removal of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)&lt;subscript&gt;2&lt;/subscript&gt;) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intracanal medicaments with needle irrigation or EDDY sonic activation.&lt;br /&gt;Methods: Root canals of 128 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were prepared with ProTaper Next. Canals received Ca(OH)&lt;subscript&gt;2&lt;/subscript&gt; (Kalsin) or (NAC) for 7 days. Medicaments were removed using conventional needle irrigation or EDDY sonic activation. Specimens were obturated with a calcium silicate-based sealer Bioserra using the single-cone technique. CLSM quantified residual medicament and sealer penetration into dentin tubules. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with the significance level set at p &amp;lt; 0.05.&lt;br /&gt;Results: Neither the type of intracanal medicament nor the activation technique significantly affected the residual medicament amount (p &amp;gt; 0.05). However, the type of medicament significantly influenced sealer penetration, with NAC showing greater dentin tubule penetration than Ca(OH)₂ (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The activation technique did not significantly influence sealer penetration (p &amp;gt; 0.05). Sealer penetration was highest in the coronal third and lowest in the apical third (p &amp;lt; 0.05).&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, NAC enhanced the dentin tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based sealer compared with Ca(OH)₂. The activation technique did not affect sealer penetration or residual medicament.&lt;br /&gt; (&#169; 2026. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Non Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Protocol Number: 2024/22). The authors certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from the all individual participants included in the study. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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– Name: GrantInfo
  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: 24.DHU.002 Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Scientific Research Projects
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Keywords: &lt;/i&gt;Calcium hydroxide; Calcium silicate–based sealer; Confocal laser scanning microscopy; N-acetylcysteine
– Name: NumberCAS
  Label: Substance Nomenclature
  Group: ID
  Data: 0 (Silicates)&lt;br /&gt;PF5DZW74VN (Calcium Hydroxide)&lt;br /&gt;0 (Calcium Compounds)&lt;br /&gt;S4255P4G5M (calcium silicate)&lt;br /&gt;0 (Root Canal Filling Materials)&lt;br /&gt;WYQ7N0BPYC (Acetylcysteine)&lt;br /&gt;0 (Root Canal Irrigants)&lt;br /&gt;0 (Drug Combinations)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Date Created: &lt;/i&gt;20260616 &lt;i&gt;Date Completed: &lt;/i&gt;20260828 &lt;i&gt;Latest Revision: &lt;/i&gt;20260910
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260911
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13523325
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1186/s12903-026-08809-2
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42298535
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42298535
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1186/s12903-026-08809-2
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Root Canal Preparation methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Root Canal Obturation methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microscopy, Confocal
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Materials Testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug Combinations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bicuspid
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Silicates chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calcium Hydroxide chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calcium Compounds chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Root Canal Filling Materials chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acetylcysteine chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Root Canal Irrigants chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dentin ultrastructure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dentin Permeability
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Dentin tubule penetration of a calcium silicate-based sealer after removal of calcium hydroxide or N-acetylcysteine medicaments: an in vitro study.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Coşar S
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sarı M
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: 2026 Jun 15
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1472-6831
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 26
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: BMC oral health
              Type: main
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