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Impulsivity facets and internet gaming disorder symptoms in male adolescents with ADHD: an exploratory cross-sectional study from Turkiye.

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Τίτλος: Impulsivity facets and internet gaming disorder symptoms in male adolescents with ADHD: an exploratory cross-sectional study from Turkiye.
Συγγραφείς: İçen S; Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Disease, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir, Turkey. sarper.icen@ahievran.edu.tr., Karaca Cengiz ŞN; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey.
Πηγή: BMC psychiatry [BMC Psychiatry] 2026 Jun 11; Vol. 26 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 11.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968559 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-244X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1471244X NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/epidemiology , Internet Addiction Disorder*/psychology , Internet Addiction Disorder*/epidemiology , Video Games*/psychology , Impulsive Behavior*, Humans ; Male ; Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Child ; Internet ; Comorbidity
Περίληψη: Background: Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at elevated risk for problematic gaming. Although impulsivity has been linked to problematic gaming, it is unclear whether different impulsivity facets show distinct associations with heterogeneous DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) symptom domains.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 45 male adolescents with ADHD (ages 12-17) presenting with excessive gaming concerns were recruited from two child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinics in Turkiye (December 2025-January 2026). ADHD diagnoses and comorbidity screening were confirmed with the K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T semi-structured interview; comorbid psychiatric disorders expected to meaningfully affect impulsivity or gaming-symptom reporting were excluded. Impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-SF (BIS-11-SF) (attentional, motor, non-planning) and IGD symptoms using the IGDS-27 (nine DSM-5 criteria). Spearman correlations were computed between impulsivity indices and IGD total/domain scores, with uncertainty quantified using 5,000-sample bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Selected exploratory comparisons of dependent overlapping correlations were also conducted. Age, ADHD pharmacotherapy status, and parental psychiatric history were examined in sensitivity analyses.
Results: Most participants reported gaming > 4 h/day on weekdays (73.3%) and weekends (75.6%). IGDS-27 total score was positively associated with non-planning impulsivity (ρ = 0.56, 95% CI [0.30, 0.74]), attentional impulsivity (ρ = 0.52, 95% CI [0.23, 0.74]), and motor impulsivity (ρ = 0.45, 95% CI [0.16, 0.69]). In a multivariable linear regression including all three impulsivity facets simultaneously, only non-planning impulsivity remained independently associated with IGD symptom severity (B = 4.15, 95% CI [1.63, 6.67], p = .002; model R² = 0.45). Selected exploratory comparisons suggested stronger associations of non-planning impulsivity with problems and deception than with preoccupation or escape. Age was not significantly correlated with impulsivity or IGD severity, and sensitivity analyses did not indicate differences by ADHD pharmacotherapy status or parental psychiatric history.
Conclusions: In this clinical sample of male adolescents with ADHD, IGD symptom severity was positively associated with all three impulsivity facets in bivariate analyses, while non-planning impulsivity retained an independent association in multivariable analysis after accounting for shared variance among facets. Facet-symptom level associations were exploratory and should be interpreted cautiously.
Trial Registration: Not applicable.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures were compliant with the Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from legal guardians and assent from adolescents prior to participation. Ethical approval was obtained from the Eskişehir City Hospital Scientific Research Ethical Committee with approval number ESH/BAEK 2025/282. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Adolescents; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Barratt impulsiveness scale; Impulsivity; Internet gaming disorder
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260612 Date Completed: 20260612 Latest Revision: 20260726
Update Code: 20260726
PubMed Central ID: PMC13261926
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-026-08030-z
PMID: 42277724
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1471-244X
DOI:10.1186/s12888-026-08030-z