Academic Journal
Testosterone status and bone mineral density in Finnish male endurance athletes: Baseline associations and 1-year follow-up.
| Τίτλος: | Testosterone status and bone mineral density in Finnish male endurance athletes: Baseline associations and 1-year follow-up. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Wagner A; Department of Sport Performance and Exercise Testing, Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.; University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland., Mjøsund K; National Olympic Training Centre, Helsinki, Finland.; Paavo Nurmi Centre and Unit for Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Varsinais-Suomi, Finland., Komonen R; Finnish Institute of High-Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland., Hackney AC; Department of Exercise & Sport Science-Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA., Ihalainen JK; University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland.; Finnish Institute of High-Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, Finland. |
| Πηγή: | Physiological reports [Physiol Rep] 2026 Jun; Vol. 14 (11), pp. e70972. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101607800 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2051-817X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2051817X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Physiol Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Malden MA] : published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society, 2013- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Testosterone*/blood , Bone Density*/physiology , Physical Endurance*/physiology , Athletes*, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Humans ; Male ; Finland ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Follow-Up Studies |
| Περίληψη: | This study examined whether low-normal serum total testosterone (T) is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) or bone stress injuries (BSI) in male endurance athletes. Baseline data from 46 national- to international-level Finnish athletes (age 24.8 ± 3.6 years; biathlon, cross-country skiing, orienteering, triathlon, Nordic combined, endurance running) were analyzed; 31 completed 1-year follow-up. Participants were categorized into low T (lowest quartile: 11.8 ± 1.8 nmol/L) and normal T groups (17.9 ± 3.1 nmol/L; p < 0.001). At baseline, BMD and Z-scores did not differ at any site (all p > 0.5), and BSI history prevalence was similar in low T (41.7%) and normal T groups (29.4%). The low T group had lower IGF-1 (p = 0.031) but comparable cortisol and insulin. During follow-up, repeated-measures analysis showed a significant group-by-time interaction for T (p = 0.001), whereas 1-year changes in BMD and Z-scores did not differ between groups. Regression models showed that increased IGF-1 independently predicted improved total body BMD (p = 0.01). In conclusion, low-normal T in elite male endurance athletes was not associated with compromised bone health over 1 year and appeared largely reversible in the follow-up subset. (© 2026 The Author(s). Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.) |
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| Grant Information: | OKM/10/626/2021 Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland | Taiteen edistämiskeskus (Taike); OKM/78/626/2022 Ministry of Education and Culture, Finland | Taiteen edistämiskeskus (Taike) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: IGF‐1; bone mineral density; endurance athletes; testosterone |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone) 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I) WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260610 Date Completed: 20260614 Latest Revision: 20260813 |
| Update Code: | 20260813 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13250475 |
| DOI: | 10.14814/phy2.70972 |
| PMID: | 42266098 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 2051-817X |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.14814/phy2.70972 |