Academic Journal
Harmonic-aware transformer for real-time catheter localization in interventional procedures of magnetic particle imaging.
| Τίτλος: | Harmonic-aware transformer for real-time catheter localization in interventional procedures of magnetic particle imaging. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Khair AM; School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China.; Department of Medical Physics, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan., Jiang W; School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China., Yang X; Weifang Xinli Superconducting Magnet Technology Co., Ltd, Weifang 261005, People's Republic of China., Wildgruber M; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich 81337, Germany., Ma X; School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, People's Republic of China. |
| Πηγή: | Physics in medicine and biology [Phys Med Biol] 2026 Jul 02; Vol. 71 (13). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 02. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: IOP Publishing Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401220 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1361-6560 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00319155 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Phys Med Biol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Bristol : IOP Publishing |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Magnetic Particle Imaging*/methods , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*/methods , Catheters*, Time Factors |
| Περίληψη: | Objective.Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) enables real-time, radiation-free tracking of magnetic nanoparticle-coated instruments, making it highly suitable for interventional procedures. This study proposes a harmonic-aware transformer framework that directly predicts catheter tip positions from raw MPI voltage signals, eliminating the need for image reconstruction and reducing computational latency.Approach.The framework incorporates frequency-domain preprocessing to isolate the 2nd-8th drive-field harmonics, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio while preserving motion-relevant features. A transformer architecture with six encoder layers and eight attention heads is employed to learn spatio-temporal dependencies across the three receive axes (x,y,z) for accurate three dimensional position estimation. The model is trained on simulated MPI signals and evaluated on realin vitrodatasets under standard, bending, and heartbeat-like motion conditions.Main results.The proposed method achieves sub-millimeter localization accuracy, with a minimumL2error of0.103±0.092mm and mean absolute errors (MAEs) of0.039±0.046mm,0.054±0.049mm, and0.060±0.044mm along the(x,y,z)axes, respectively, for the bending dataset. Across all datasets, the MAE ranges from0.165mm to0.655mm, demonstrating consistent performance. The optimized inference achieves a latency of0.55ms per frame and a throughput of approximately1800frames s-1, confirming real-time capability.Significance.Compared with conventional MPI-guided approaches relying on image reconstruction, the proposed framework provides improved accuracy, reduced latency, and enhanced robustness under complex motion conditions. These results highlight the potential of harmonic-aware transformer models as efficient and scalable solutions for real-time catheter localization in interventional MPI. (© 2026 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: catheter localization; frequency-domain preprocessing; harmonic filtering; magnetic particle Imaging; real-time tracking; transformer |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260605 Date Completed: 20260702 Latest Revision: 20260702 |
| Update Code: | 20260702 |
| DOI: | 10.1088/1361-6560/ae794f |
| PMID: | 42248182 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1361-6560 |
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| DOI: | 10.1088/1361-6560/ae794f |