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Experimental rodent models of cardiorenal syndrome types 3 and 4: Insights and clinical relevance (Review).

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Title: Experimental rodent models of cardiorenal syndrome types 3 and 4: Insights and clinical relevance (Review).
Authors: Figueroa SM; INSERM UMRS 1155‑Common and Rare Kidney Diseases, Tenon Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France., Huang S; INSERM UMRS 1155‑Common and Rare Kidney Diseases, Tenon Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France., Reyes-Osorio J; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile., Boffa JJ; INSERM UMRS 1155‑Common and Rare Kidney Diseases, Tenon Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France., Amador CA; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile., Chadjichristos CE; INSERM UMRS 1155‑Common and Rare Kidney Diseases, Tenon Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France., Boutin L; INSERM UMRS 1155‑Common and Rare Kidney Diseases, Tenon Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75020 Paris, France.
Source: International journal of molecular medicine [Int J Mol Med] 2026 Aug; Vol. 58 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 05.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: D.A. Spandidos Country of Publication: Greece NLM ID: 9810955 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1791-244X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 11073756 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Athens, Greece : D.A. Spandidos, [1998-
MeSH Terms: Cardio-Renal Syndrome*/pathology , Cardio-Renal Syndrome*/physiopathology , Cardio-Renal Syndrome*/etiology , Cardio-Renal Syndrome*/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal*, Animals ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; Rodentia
Abstract: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) encompasses the bidirectional and complex interaction between cardiac and renal dysfunction. The present review focuses on CRS types 3 and 4, highlighting the negative effects of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, respectively, on cardiac function. The present review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms, associating renal impairment with cardiovascular events, paying particular attention to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial damage and neurohormonal activation. From fundamental science to clinical applications, the investigation of CRS remains a challenge. In this context, some experimental models mimicking CRS types 3 and 4 have been used, including 5/6 nephrectomy, unilateral ureteral obstruction, renal ischemia‑reperfusion and adenine‑ or cisplatin‑induced kidney injury. While these models are valuable for studying such disease mechanisms, their limitations in mimicking human pathophysiology are discussed, and their strengths and weaknesses are critically addressed. Advancing and refining preclinical models should be prioritized in future research to enhance clinical relevance and accelerate the development of targeted therapies for CRS.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: acute kidney injury; cardiac dysfunction; cardio‑renal syndrome type 3 and 4; chronic kidney disease; clinical applications; experimental models
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260605 Date Completed: 20260611 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260813
PubMed Central ID: PMC13252940
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2026.5881
PMID: 42246189
Database: MEDLINE
Description
ISSN:1791-244X
DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2026.5881