Academic Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Biomimicry in Food: Biomimetic Foods, Food Processing, Food Packaging, Food Freezing, and Food Quality Inspection.
| Τίτλος: | A Comprehensive Review of Biomimicry in Food: Biomimetic Foods, Food Processing, Food Packaging, Food Freezing, and Food Quality Inspection. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Liu Y; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China., Tian X; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China., Song X; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China., Ma Y; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China., Li Y; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China., Wang W; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China. |
| Πηγή: | Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety [Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf] 2026 Jul; Vol. 25 (4), pp. e70491. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Institute of Food Technologists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101305205 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1541-4337 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15414337 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Chicago, Ill. : Institute of Food Technologists |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Food Packaging*/methods , Food Handling*/methods , Biomimetics*/methods , Food Quality*, Food Inspection/methods ; Freezing ; Animals ; Biomimetic Materials ; Food Safety |
| Περίληψη: | Biomimetic technologies, inspired by nature's design principles, are increasingly driving the food industry toward more sustainable, efficient, and health-focused systems. This review provides a comprehensive and critically integrated overview of biomimetic technologies across five major domains: biomimetic foods, food processing, food packaging, food freezing control, and food quality inspection. Biomimetic meat and dairy products, derived from plants, animal cells, or microorganisms, can approximate the sensory and nutritional profiles of conventional foods, while reducing reliance on livestock, improving animal welfare, and lowering environmental burdens. In food processing, robotic systems enhance efficiency, hygiene, and worker safety, whereas three-dimensional (3D) printing enables precise control of food structure and composition, expanding opportunities for personalized nutrition. In food packaging, biomimetic strategies, such as superhydrophobic surfaces, self-healing materials, nanostructured antimicrobial interfaces, and indicator packaging systems, improve barrier performance and contamination control while enabling real-time freshness monitoring. Biomimetic freezing-control materials, such as ice-nucleating proteins, antifreeze proteins, and natural deep eutectic solvents, modulate ice nucleation, crystal growth, and recrystallization, thereby mitigating freezing-induced deterioration in food texture and quality. In food quality inspection, artificial sensory systems that emulate olfaction, taste, and vision enable rapid, nondestructive evaluation of food quality and authenticity. Across these domains, major barriers to industrialization remain, including scalability, cost, standardization, safety assessment, and regulatory feasibility. Collectively, these biomimetic strategies underscore the expanding role of nature-inspired design in food science and engineering and provide a forward-looking perspective on the development of safer, higher quality, and more sustainable food systems with clearer implications for industrial translation. (© 2026 Institute of Food Technologists®.) |
| References: | Ahmad, M. I., S. Farooq, Y. Alhamoud, C. Li, and H. Zhang. 2023. “Soy Leghemoglobin: A Review of Its Structure, Production, Safety Aspects, and Food Applications.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 141: 104199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104199. Ali, A., and P. Bharali. 2025. “The Rise of Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives: Challenges and Perspectives.” Food Bioscience 68: 106640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106640. Aly, B. A., T. Low, D. Long, P. Brett, and C. Baillie. 2024. “Tactile Sensing for Tissue Discrimination in Robotic Meat Cutting: A Feasibility Study.” Journal of Food Engineering 363: 111754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111754. Andreani, G., G. Sogari, A. Marti, F. Froldi, H. Dagevos, and D. Martini. 2023. “Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives: Technological, Nutritional, Environmental, Market, and Social Challenges and Opportunities.” Nutrients 15, no. 2: 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020452. Asim, N., M. Badiei, and M. Mohammad. 2022. “Recent Advances in Cellulose‐Based Hydrophobic Food Packaging.” Emergent Materials 5, no. 3: 703–718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247‐021‐00314‐2. Balasubramanian, B., W. Liu, K. Pushparaj, and S. Park. 2021. “The Epic of In Vitro Meat Production—A Fiction Into Reality.” Foods 10, no. 6: 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061395. Balasubramanian, S., G. Mobasseri, L. Shi, et al. 2025. “Production of Phosphorylated and Functional αs1‐Casein in Escherichia coli.” Trends in Biotechnology 43, no. 9: 2304–2322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.05.015. Behm, K., M. Nappa, N. Aro, et al. 2022. “Comparison of Carbon Footprint and Water Scarcity Footprint of Milk Protein Produced by Cellular Agriculture and the Dairy Industry.” International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 27, no. 8: 1017–1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367‐022‐02087‐0. Bellani, C. F., J. Ajeian, L. Duffy, M. Miotto, L. Groenewegen, and C. J. Connon. 2020. “Scale‐Up Technologies for the Manufacture of Adherent Cells.” Frontiers in Nutrition 7: 575146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.575146. Bomkamp, C., S. C. Skaalure, G. F. Fernando, T. Ben‐Arye, E. W. Swartz, and E. A. Specht. 2022. “Scaffolding Biomaterials for 3D Cultivated Meat: Prospects and Challenges.” Advanced Science 9, no. 3: 2102908. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202102908. Bonioli, M., and C. Bazzani. 2025. “Consumer Behaviour Toward “Smart” Food Labels: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Technology Acceptance Model.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 165: 105256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105256. Bu, N., L. Wang, D. Zhang, et al. 2023. “Highly Hydrophobic Gelatin Nanocomposite Film Assisted by Nano‐ZnO/(3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane/Stearic Acid Coating for Liquid Food Packaging.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 15, no. 44: 51713–51726. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c10757. Che, J., Z. Fan, E. Bijl, et al. 2025. “Unravelling the Dominant Role of Phosphorylation Degree in Governing the Functionality of Reassembled Casein Micelles: Implications for Future Dairy Production Through Precision Fermentation.” Food Hydrocolloids 159: 110615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.110615. Chen, J., Y. Fan, X. Zhang, et al. 2023. “Effect of Antifreeze Protein on the Quality and Microstructure of Frozen Chicken Breasts.” Food Chemistry 404: 134555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134555. Chen, J., Y. Yang, Y. Deng, et al. 2022. “Aroma Quality Evaluation of Dianhong Black Tea Infusions by the Combination of Rapid Gas Phase Electronic Nose and Multivariate Statistical Analysis.” LWT 153: 112496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112496. Chen, Q., Z. Chen, J. Zhang, Q. Wang, and Y. Wang. 2023. “Application of Lipids and Their Potential Replacers in Plant‐Based Meat Analogs.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 138: 645–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.07.007. Cheng, Y., X. Ma, T. Franklin, R. Yang, and C. I. Moraru. 2023. “Mechano‐Bactericidal Surfaces: Mechanisms, Nanofabrication, and Prospects for Food Applications.” Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 14, no. 1: 449–472. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev‐food‐060721‐022330. Chodkowska, K. A., K. Wódz, and J. Wojciechowski. 2022. “Sustainable Future Protein Foods: The Challenges and the Future of Cultivated Meat.” Foods 11, no. 24: 4008. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11244008. Choi, K., J. W. Yoon, M. Kim, et al. 2021. “Muscle Stem Cell Isolation and In Vitro Culture for Meat Production: A Methodological Review.” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20, no. 1: 429–457. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541‐4337.12661. Chopra, D., K. Gulati, and S. Ivanovski. 2021. “Bed of Nails: Bioinspired Nano‐Texturing Towards Antibacterial and Bioactivity Functions.” Materials Today Advances 12: 100176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2021.100176. Choudhury, D., S. Singh, J. S. H. Seah, D. C. L. Yeo, and L. P. Tan. 2020. “Commercialization of Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives.” Trends in Plant Science 25, no. 11: 1055–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.08.006. Coppens, M.‐O. 2021. “Nature‐Inspired Chemical Engineering for Process Intensification.” Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 12, no. 1: 187–215. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev‐chembioeng‐060718‐030249. Cutroneo, S., B. Prandi, N. Pellegrini, S. Sforza, and T. Tedeschi. 2024. “Assessment of Protein Quality and Digestibility in Plant‐Based Meat Analogues.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 72, no. 14: 8114–8125. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08956. De Angelis, D., A. J. Van Der Goot, A. Pasqualone, and C. Summo. 2024. “Advancements in Texturization Processes for the Development of Plant‐Based Meat Analogs: A Review.” Current Opinion in Food Science 58: 101192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2024.101192. De Brabander, P., E. Uitterhaegen, T. Delmulle, K. De Winter, and W. Soetaert. 2023. “Challenges and Progress Towards Industrial Recombinant Protein Production in Yeasts: a Review.” Biotechnology Advances 64: 108121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108121. Deglaire, A., J. Lee, L. Lanotte, et al. 2023. “Towards More Biomimetic and Sustainable Infant Formula: Challenges and Future Opportunities.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 137: 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.05.010. Demei, K., M. Zhang, P. Phuhongsung, and A. S. Mujumdar. 2022. “3D Food Printing: Controlling Characteristics and Improving Technological Effect During Food Processing.” Food Research International 156: 111120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111120. Deng, L., J. Li, and Z. Han. 2021. “Online Defect Detection and Automatic Grading of Carrots Using Computer Vision Combined With Deep Learning Methods.” LWT 149: 111832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111832. Deng, M., X. Lv, L. Liu, et al. 2023. “Cell Factory‐Based Milk Protein Biomanufacturing: Advances and Perspectives.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 244: 125335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125335. Drewnowski, A., C. J. Henry, and J. T. Dwyer. 2021. “Proposed Nutrient Standards for Plant‐Based Beverages Intended as Milk Alternatives.” Frontiers in Nutrition 8: 761442. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.761442. Du, Q., M. Tu, J. Liu, Y. Ding, X. Zeng, and D. Pan. 2023. “Plant‐Based Meat Analogs and Fat Substitutes, Structuring Technology and Protein Digestion: A Review.” Food Research International 170: 112959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112959. Du, X., B. Kong, J. He, et al. 2023. “Cryoprotective Effect of Water‐Tailored Trehalose‐Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents on Frozen‐Thawed Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Surimi.” Food Chemistry 426: 136633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136633. Duan, Z., S. Dong, Y. Dong, and Q. Gao. 2021. “Geographical Origin Identification of Two Salmonid Species via Flavor Compound Analysis Using Headspace‐Gas Chromatography‐Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined With Electronic Nose and Tongue.” Food Research International 145: 110385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110385. Ede, S. R., H. Yu, C. H. Sung, and D. Kisailus. 2023. “Bio‐Inspired Functional Materials for Environmental Applications.” Small Methods 8: 2301227. https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202301227. El Sadig, R., and J. Wu. 2024. “Are Novel Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives the Healthier Choice?” Food Research International 183: 114184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114184. Elbadawi, M., L. E. McCoubrey, F. K. H. Gavins, et al. 2021. “Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for the Next Generation of 3D Printed Medicines.” Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 175: 113805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.015. El‐Ghoul, Y., A. S. Altuwayjiri, and G. A. Alharbi. 2024. “Synthesis and Characterization of New Electrospun Medical Scaffold‐Based Modified Cellulose Nanofiber and Bioactive Natural Propolis for Potential Wound Dressing Applications.” RSC Advances 14, no. 36: 26183–26197. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA04231J. Failla, M., H. Hopfer, and J. Wee. 2023. “Evaluation of Public Submissions to the USDA for Labeling of Cell‐Cultured Meat in the United States.” Frontiers in Nutrition 10: 1197111. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1197111. Fernández‐López, J., A. J. Ponce‐Martínez, J. Rodríguez‐Párraga, et al. 2023. “Beetroot Juices as Colorant in Plant‐Based Minced Meat Analogues: Color, Betalain Composition and Antioxidant Activity as Affected by Juice Type.” Food Bioscience 56: 103156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.103156. Feyzioglu, A., and Y. S. Taspinar. 2023. “Beef Quality Classification With Reduced E‐Nose Data Features According to Beef Cut Types.” Sensors 23, no. 4: 2222. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042222. Fletcher, G. L., C. L. Hew, and P. L. Davies. 2001. “Antifreeze Proteins of Teleost Fishes.” Annual Review of Physiology 63, no. 1: 359–390. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.359. Forghani, S., F. Zeynali, H. Almasi, and H. Hamishehkar. 2022. “Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibers and Solvent‐Casted Films Based on Centaurea arvensis Anthocyanin‐Loaded PVA/κ‐Carrageenan and Comparing Their Performance as Colorimetric pH Indicator.” Food Chemistry 388: 133057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133057. Francone, A., S. Merino, A. Retolaza, et al. 2021. “Impact of Surface Topography on the Bacterial Attachment to Micro‐ and Nano‐Patterned Polymer Films.” Surfaces and Interfaces 27: 101494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2021.101494. Frazelle, J. 2021. “Out‐of‐This‐World Additive Manufacturing.” Communications of the ACM 64, no. 3: 58–62. https://doi.org/10.1145/3424254. Fu, J., Z. Zhan, Q. Duan, et al. 2025. “Application of Soybean Protein Isolates‐Polysaccharides Hybrid Emulsion Gels as Alternative Fats in Fabricating Plant‐Based Meats With Two‐Phase.” LWT 218: 117524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2025.117524. Fytsilis, V. D., M. J. E. Urlings, F.‐J. Van Schooten, A. De Boer, and M. F. Vrolijk. 2024. “Toxicological Risks of Dairy Proteins Produced Through Cellular Agriculture: Current State of Knowledge, Challenges and Future Perspectives.” Future Foods 10: 100412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100412. Galvan, D., A. Aquino, L. Effting, A. C. G. Mantovani, E. Bona, and C. A. Conte‐Junior. 2022. “E‐Sensing and Nanoscale‐Sensing Devices Associated With Data Processing Algorithms Applied to Food Quality Control: A Systematic Review.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 62, no. 24: 6605–6645. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1903384. Gastaldello, A., F. Giampieri, R. De Giuseppe, G. Grosso, L. Baroni, and M. Battino. 2022. “The Rise of Processed Meat Alternatives: A Narrative Review of the Manufacturing, Composition, Nutritional Profile and Health Effects of Newer Sources of Protein, and Their Place in Healthier Diets.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 127: 263–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.07.005. Gohar, S., M. A. Iqbal, A. Ullah, et al. 2025. “Lemon Extract‐Mediated Eco‐Friendly Fabrication of Electrospun PVA Nanofibers With Exceptional Water Stability for Multifunctional Applications.” ACS Applied Polymer Materials 7, no. 14: 8912–8927. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c04152. Gonzalez Viejo, C., E. Tongson, and S. Fuentes. 2021. “Integrating a Low‐Cost Electronic Nose and Machine Learning Modelling to Assess Coffee Aroma Profile and Intensity.” Sensors 21, no. 6: 2016. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062016. Grassi, S., S. Benedetti, E. Casiraghi, and S. Buratti. 2023. “E‐Sensing Systems for Shelf Life Evaluation: A Review on Applications to Fresh Food of Animal Origin.” Food Packaging and Shelf Life 40: 101221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101221. Grassi, S., S. Benedetti, L. Magnani, A. Pianezzola, and S. Buratti. 2022. “Seafood Freshness: E‐Nose Data for Classification Purposes.” Food Control 138: 108994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108994. Gu, Y., X. Li, and E. C. Y. Chan. 2023. “Risk Assessment of Cultured Meat.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 138: 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.06.037. Guan, X., W. Sun, Z. Ma, G. Du, J. Chen, and J. Zhou. 2025. “From Lab to Industry: Technologies and Challenges for Scaling up Bioprocesses in Cell‐Based Food Production.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 161: 105040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105040. Guo, C., M. Zhang, B. Bhandari, and S. Devahastin. 2022. “Investigation on Simultaneous Change of Deformation, Color and Aroma of 4D Printed Starch‐Based Pastes From Fruit and Vegetable as Induced by Microwave.” Food Research International 157: 111214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111214. Gupta, R. K., P. Guha, and P. P. Srivastav. 2024. “Investigating the Toxicological Effects of Nanomaterials in Food Packaging Associated With Human Health and the Environment.” Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters 5: 100125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazl.2024.100125. Habiba, U., R. Singh, B. Jeena, V. Kumar, A. A. Dmitriev, and B. Bisht. 2025. “Smart Shields: A Conceptual Approach to Bridging Surface Functionality and Self‐Healing for Next‐Generation Food Packaging 4.0.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 166: 105413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105413. Hajikhani, M., and M. Lin. 2022. “A Review on Designing Nanofibers With High Porous and Rough Surface via Electrospinning Technology for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety Attributes.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 128: 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.08.003. Hamilton, A. N., R. S. Mirmahdi, A. Ubeyitogullari, C. K. Romana, J. I. Baum, and K. E. Gibson. 2024. “From Bytes to Bites: Advancing the Food Industry With Three‐Dimensional Food Printing.” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 23, no. 1: e13293. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541‐4337.13293. Hassoun, A., S. Jagtap, H. Trollman, et al. 2023. “Food Processing 4.0: Current and Future Developments Spurred by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.” Food Control 145: 109507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109507. Hettinga, K., and E. Bijl. 2022. “Can Recombinant Milk Proteins Replace Those Produced by Animals?” Current Opinion in Biotechnology 75: 102690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102690. Hu, Z., F. Ma, L. Liu, Z. Zeng, J. Yi, and Q. Li. 2022. “Fluorine‐Free Superhydrophobic Coating With Mechanical Interlocking and High Corrosion Resistance.” Progress in Organic Coatings 168: 106871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.106871. Huang, C., and Y. Gu. 2022. “A Machine Learning Method for the Quantitative Detection of Adulterated Meat Using a MOS‐Based E‐Nose.” Foods 11, no. 4: 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11040602. Iqbal, M. A., S. Gohar, M. S. Miah, et al. 2025. “Green, Sustainable, and Eco‐Friendly Smart Halochromic Sensor Derived From Eggshell Membrane‐Based PVA/Curcumin Nanofibers for Real‐Time Monitoring of Chicken Freshness.” Materials Today Sustainability 31: 101125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101125. Iqbal, M. A., S. Gohar, Y. Yabuta, et al. 2024. “Green Extract Surface‐Coated Electrospun Cellulose Nanofibers as an Efficient, Reversible, and Reusable Smart Colorimetric Sensor for Real‐Time Monitoring of Chicken Freshness.” Current Research in Biotechnology 7: 100192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbiot.2024.100192. Izquierdo, M., M. Lastra‐Mejías, E. González‐Flores, J. C. Cancilla, M. Pérez, and J. S. Torrecilla. 2020. “Convolutional Decoding of Thermographic Images to Locate and Quantify Honey Adulterations.” Talanta 209: 120500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120500. Jamei, E., and Z. Vrcelj. 2021. “Biomimicry and the Built Environment, Learning From Nature's Solutions.” Applied Sciences 11, no. 16: 7514. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167514. Jang, J., and D.‐W. Lee. 2024. “Advancements in Plant Based Meat Analogs Enhancing Sensory and Nutritional Attributes.” Npj Science of Food 8, no. 1: 50. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538‐024‐00292‐9. Jara, T. C., K. Park, P. Vahmani, A. L. Van Eenennaam, L. R. Smith, and A. C. Denicol. 2023. “Stem Cell‐Based Strategies and Challenges for Production of Cultivated Meat.” Nature Food 4, no. 10: 841–853. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016‐023‐00857‐z. Jeon, W. Y., J. Y. Yu, H. W. Kim, and H. J. Park. 2021. “Production of Customized Food Through the Insertion of a Formulated Nanoemulsion Using Coaxial 3D Food Printing.” Journal of Food Engineering 311: 110689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110689. Jia, G., Y. Chen, A. Sun, and V. Orlien. 2022. “Control of Ice Crystal Nucleation and Growth During the Food Freezing Process.” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 21, no. 3: 2433–2454. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541‐4337.12950. Jia, L., W. Zhang, T. Luo, et al. 2024. “Establishment of Goat Mammary Organoid Cultures Modeling the Mammary Gland Development and Lactation.” Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 15, no. 1: 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104‐024‐01084‐7. Jia, Z., M. Li, C. Shi, J. Zhang, and X. Yang. 2022. “Determination of Salmon Freshness by Computer Vision Based on Eye Color.” Food Packaging and Shelf Life 34: 100984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100984. Jonkers, N., J. A. W. Van Dommelen, and M. G. D. Geers. 2022. “Selective Laser Sintered Food: A Unit Cell Approach to Design Mechanical Properties.” Journal of Food Engineering 335: 111183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111183. Jung, H. S., H. C. Kwon, J. H. Han, and S. G. Han. 2026. “A Novel, Cost‐Effective Approach to Cell‐Cultured Milk Production: Progesterone and MMP Inhibition Promote Lactogenic Differentiation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.” Food Chemistry: X 33: 103456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.103456. Chaithra, K. P., and T. P. Vinod. 2023. “Smartphone Application‐Based Colorimetric Fish Freshness Monitoring Using an Indicator Prepared by Rub‐Coating of Red Cabbage on Paper Substrates.” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 679: 132553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.132553. Kanaga Raj, D. R., M. V. D. S. Ferreira, M. L. Braunger, A. Riul, J. Thomas, and D. F. Barbin. 2023. “Exploration of an Impedimetric Electronic Tongue and Chemometrics for Characterization of Black Tea From Different Origins.” Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 123: 105535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105535. Kang, D.‐H., F. Louis, H. Liu, et al. 2021. “Engineered Whole Cut Meat‐Like Tissue by the Assembly of Cell Fibers Using Tendon‐Gel Integrated Bioprinting.” Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 5059. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467‐021‐25236‐9. Kaushal, S., D. K. Tammineni, P. Rana, M. Sharma, K. Sridhar, and H.‐H. Chen. 2024. “Computer Vision and Deep Learning‐Based Approaches for Detection of Food Nutrients/Nutrition: New Insights and Advances.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 146: 104408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104408. Kenmoku, H., A. Kaneko, T. Saito, T. Nemoto, Y. Kato, and S. Ohira. 2025. “Scale‐Up Strategy Focused on Hydrodynamic Stress for Mammalian Cell Culture Established by a Dry‐Wet Approach.” Engineering in Life Sciences 25, no. 11: e70054. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.70054. Kewuyemi, Y. O., H. Kesa, and O. A. Adebo. 2022. “Trends in Functional Food Development With Three‐Dimensional (3D) Food Printing Technology: Prospects for Value‐Added Traditionally Processed Food Products.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 62, no. 28: 7866–7904. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1920569. Koh, Q. Q., Y. L. Kua, S. Gan, et al. 2023. “Sugar‐Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES): Physicochemical Properties, Antimicrobial Activity, Toxicity, Biodegradability and Potential Use as Green Extraction Media for Phytonutrients.” Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 35: 101218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101218. Kolkmann, A. M., A. Van Essen, M. J. Post, and P. Moutsatsou. 2022. “Development of a Chemically Defined Medium for In Vitro Expansion of Primary Bovine Satellite Cells.” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10: 895289. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.895289. Kolodkin‐Gal, I., O. Dash, and R. Rak. 2024. “Probiotic Cultivated Meat: Bacterial‐Based Scaffolds and Products to Improve Cultivated Meat.” Trends in Biotechnology 42, no. 3: 269–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.09.002. Kramm, K., A. Roucher, J. Busom Descarrega, et al. 2024. “Influence of Material Characteristics on Plant‐Based Milk Alternative Properties.” Journal of Food Engineering 373: 112019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2024.112019. Kulus, M., M. Jankowski, W. Kranc, et al. 2023. “Bioreactors, Scaffolds and Microcarriers and In Vitro Meat Production—Current Obstacles and Potential Solutions.” Frontiers in Nutrition 10: 1225233. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1225233. Kumar, E. K., S. S. Patel, V. Kumar, S. K. Panda, S. R. Mahmoud, and M. Balubaid. 2023. “State of Art Review on Applications and Mechanism of Self‐Healing Materials and Structure.” Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 30, no. 2: 1041–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831‐022‐09827‐3. Kwon, H. C., H. S. Jung, D. H. Kim, J. H. Han, and S. G. Han. 2024a. “The Role of Progesterone in Elf5 Activation and Milk Component Synthesis for Cell‐Cultured Milk Production in MAC‐T Cells.” Animals 14, no. 4: 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14040642. Kwon, H. C., H. S. Jung, V. Kothuri, and S. G. Han. 2024b. “Current Status and Challenges for Cell‐Cultured Milk Technology: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 15, no. 1: 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104‐024‐01039‐y. Laird, N. Z., T. M. Acri, J. L. Chakka, et al. 2021. “Applications of Nanotechnology in 3D Printed Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.” European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 161: 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.018. Le Bourgot, C., X. Liu, C. Buffière, et al. 2023. “Development of a Protein Food Based on Texturized Wheat Proteins, With High Protein Digestibility and Improved Lysine Content.” Food Research International 170: 112978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112978. Lee, C.‐H., and B. Rianto. 2024. “An AI‐Powered E‐Nose System Using a Density‐Based Clustering Method for Identifying Adulteration in Specialty Coffees.” Microchemical Journal 197: 109844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2023.109844. Lee, D.‐K., M. Kim, J. Jeong, et al. 2023. “Unlocking the Potential of Stem Cells: Their Crucial Role in the Production of Cultivated Meat.” Current Research in Food Science 7: 100551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100551. Lee, K.‐M., H. Park, J. Kim, and D.‐M. Chun. 2019. “Fabrication of a Superhydrophobic Surface Using a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printer With Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) Filament and Dip Coating With Silica Nanoparticles.” Applied Surface Science 467–468: 979–991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.205. Lee, P. Y., S. Y. Leong, and I. Oey. 2024. “The Role of Protein Blends in Plant‐Based Milk Alternative: A Review Through the Consumer Lens.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 143: 104268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104268. Leelapunnawut, S., L. Ngamwonglumlert, S. Devahastin, A. Derossi, R. Caporizzi, and N. Chiewchan. 2022. “Effects of Texture Modifiers on Physicochemical Properties of 3D‐Printed Meat Mimics From Pea Protein Isolate‐Alginate Gel Mixture.” Foods 11, no. 24: 3947. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11243947. Li, A., G. Wang, Y. Zhang, et al. 2021. “Preparation Methods and Research Progress of Superhydrophobic Paper.” Coordination Chemistry Reviews 449: 214207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214207. Li, L., J. Wei, J. Zhang, B. Li, Y. Yang, and J. Zhang. 2023. “Challenges and Strategies for Commercialization and Widespread Practical Applications of Superhydrophobic Surfaces.” Science Advances 9, no. 42: eadj1554. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj1554. Li, M., D. Wang, J. Fang, et al. 2022. “An Efficient and Economical Way to Obtain Porcine Muscle Stem Cells for Cultured Meat Production.” Food Research International 162: 112206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112206. Li, X., J.‐Y. Li, M. F. Manzoor, et al. 2024. “Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent: A Promising Eco‐Friendly Food Bio‐Inspired Antifreezing.” Food Chemistry 437: 137808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137808. Li, Y., Z. Wang, T. Zhao, H. Li, J. Jiang, and J. Ye. 2024. “Electronic Nose for the Detection and Discrimination of Volatile Organic Compounds: Application, Challenges, and Perspectives.” TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 180: 117958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117958. Linklater, D. P., P. H. Le, A. Aburto‐Medina, et al. 2023. “Biomimetic Nanopillar Silicon Surfaces Rupture Fungal Spores.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 1298. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021298. Linklater, D. P., S. Saita, T. Murata, et al. 2022. “Nanopillar Polymer Films as Antibacterial Packaging Materials.” ACS Applied Nano Materials 5, no. 2: 2578–2591. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.1c04251. Liu, G., T. Min, X. Li, et al. 2024. “Biomimetic Functional Food Packaging Materials.” Chemical Engineering Journal 499: 156146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156146. Liu, M., R. Xiao, X. Li, Y. Zhao, and J. Huang. 2025. “A Comprehensive Review of Recombinant Technology in the Food Industry: Exploring Expression Systems, Application, and Future Challenges.” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 24, no. 2: e70078. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541‐4337.70078. Liu, X., C. Yang, J. Qin, J. Li, J. Li, and J. Chen. 2023. “Challenges, Process Technologies, and Potential Synthetic Biology Opportunities for Plant‐Based Meat Production.” LWT 184: 115109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115109. Liu, Y., J. Hou, C. Li, and X. Wang. 2023. “Intelligent Soft Robotic Grippers for Agricultural and Food Product Handling: A Brief Review With a Focus on Design and Control.” Advanced Intelligent Systems 5, no. 12: 2300233. https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202300233. Liu, Y., J. Zhang, Y. Lou, B. Zhang, J. Zhou, and J. Chen. 2024. “Soft Bionic Gripper With Tactile Sensing and Slip Detection for Damage‐Free Grasping of Fragile Fruits and Vegetables.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 220: 108904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2024.108904. Lozano‐Torres, B., M. Carmen Martínez‐Bisbal, J. Soto, M. Juan Borrás, R. Martínez‐Máñez, and I. Escriche. 2022. “Monofloral Honey Authentication by Voltammetric Electronic Tongue: A Comparison With 1H NMR Spectroscopy.” Food Chemistry 383: 132460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132460. Lu, L., Z. Hu, X. Hu, D. Li, and S. Tian. 2022. “Electronic Tongue and Electronic Nose for Food Quality and Safety.” Food Research International 162: 112214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112214. Luo, X., A. Zaitoon, and L. Lim. 2022. “A Review on Colorimetric Indicators for Monitoring Product Freshness in Intelligent Food Packaging: Indicator Dyes, Preparation Methods, and Applications.” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 21, no. 3: 2489–2519. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541‐4337.12942. Luo, Y., Y. Huang, Q. Wang, K. Yuan, Z. Zhao, and Y. Li. 2023. “An Improved YOLOv5 Model: Application to Leaky Eggs Detection.” LWT 187: 115313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.115313. Ma, P., Y. Wang, and K. Fan. 2026. “Intelligent Packaging Films Based on Anthocyanins: A Review of Structural Properties, Biodegradable Polymers, Application and Prospects in Food Freshness Monitoring.” Food Chemistry: X 34: 103634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2026.103634. Mahanti, N. K., S. Shivashankar, K. B. Chhetri, et al. 2024. “Enhancing Food Authentication Through E‐Nose and E‐Tongue Technologies: Current Trends and Future Directions.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 150: 104574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104574. Majcher, S. 2025. “Consumers' Perspective of Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives—A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda.” International Journal of Consumer Studies 49, no. 2: e70036. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.70036. Malila, Y., I. O. Owolabi, T. Chotanaphuti, et al. 2024. “Current Challenges of Alternative Proteins as Future Foods.” Npj Science of Food 8, no. 1: 53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538‐024‐00291‐w. Martín‐Miguélez, J. M., I. Martín, A. González‐Mohíno, L. Souza Olegario, B. Peromingo, and J. Delgado. 2024. “Ultra‐Processed Plant‐Based Analogs: Addressing the Challenging Journey Toward Health and Safety.” Journal of Food Science 89, no. 12: 10344–10362. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750‐3841.17588. McClements, D. J., E. Newman, and I. F. McClements. 2019. “Plant‐Based Milks: A Review of the Science Underpinning Their Design, Fabrication, and Performance.” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 18, no. 6: 2047–2067. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541‐4337.12505. Mehrjou, B., Y. Wu, P. Liu, G. Wang, and P. K. Chu. 2023. “Design and Properties of Antimicrobial Biomaterials Surfaces.” Advanced Healthcare Materials 12, no. 16: 2202073. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202202073. Michalska, M., R. Divan, P. Noirot, and P. D. Laible. 2021. “Antimicrobial Properties of Nanostructured Surfaces—Demonstrating the Need for a Standard Testing Methodology.” Nanoscale 13, no. 41: 17603–17614. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NR02953C. Miyake, Y., M. Tachikawa, and R. Kohsaka. 2023. “Policy Frameworks and Regulations for the Research and Development of Cell‐Based Meats: Systematic Literature Review.” Food Research International 167: 112599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112599. Mu, F., Y. Gu, J. Zhang, and L. Zhang. 2020. “Milk Source Identification and Milk Quality Estimation Using an Electronic Nose and Machine Learning Techniques.” Sensors 20, no. 15: 4238. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154238. Ng, E. T., S. Singh, W. S. Yap, S. H. Tay, and D. Choudhury. 2023. “Cultured Meat—A Patentometric Analysis.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 63, no. 16: 2738–2748. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1980760. Ni, X., F. Takeda, H. Jiang, W. Q. Yang, S. Saito, and C. Li. 2022. “A Deep Learning‐Based Web Application for Segmentation and Quantification of Blueberry Internal Bruising.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 201: 107200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107200. Nielsen, M. B., A. S. Meyer, and J. Arnau. 2024. “The Next Food Revolution Is Here: Recombinant Microbial Production of Milk and Egg Proteins by Precision Fermentation.” Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 15, no. 1: 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev‐food‐072023‐034256. Onyeaka, H., P. Passaretti, T. Miri, and Z. T. Al‐Sharify. 2022. “The Safety of Nanomaterials in Food Production and Packaging.” Current Research in Food Science 5: 763–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2022.04.005. Pajčin, I., T. Knežić, I. Savic Azoulay, et al. 2022. “Bioengineering Outlook on Cultivated Meat Production.” Micromachines 13, no. 3: 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13030402. Panić, M., M. Radić Stojković, K. Kraljić, et al. 2019. “Ready‐to‐Use Green Polyphenolic Extracts From Food by‐Products.” Food Chemistry 283: 628–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.061. Park, Y. W., J. T. Kim, Y. M. Kang, et al. 2026. “Instant, Sensitive, and Distinct Colorimetric Response of Electrospun Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Tannic Acid Nanofibrous Membrane Coated With Anthocyanins and Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Intelligent Food Packaging.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 336: 149396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.149396. Pasitka, L., M. Cohen, A. Ehrlich, et al. 2022. “Spontaneous Immortalization of Chicken Fibroblasts Generates Stable, High‐Yield Cell Lines for Serum‐Free Production of Cultured Meat.” Nature Food 4, no. 1: 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016‐022‐00658‐w. Peng, J., L. Wu, H. Zhang, et al. 2022. “Research Progress on Eco‐Friendly Superhydrophobic Materials in Environment, Energy and Biology.” Chemical Communications 58, no. 80: 11201–11219. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CC03899D. Pérez‐Calabuig, A. M., S. Pradana‐López, S. Lopez‐Ortega, K. D. J. Beleño Sáenz, J. C. Cancilla, and J. S. Torrecilla. 2023. “Application of Residual Neural Networks to Detect and Quantify Milk Adulterations.” Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 122: 105427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105427. Perez‐Gonzalez, C., C. Garcia‐Hernandez, C. Garcia‐Cabezon, M. L. Rodriguez‐Mendez, L. Dias, and F. Martin‐Pedrosa. 2024. “Analysis of Milk Adulteration by Means of a Potentiometric Electronic Tongue.” Journal of Dairy Science 107, no. 11: 9135–9144. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024‐25140. Perricone, V., C. Santulli, F. Rendina, and C. Langella. 2021. “Organismal Design and Biomimetics: A Problem of Scale.” Biomimetics 6, no. 4: 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6040056. Piazenski, I. N., J. P. M. Candelário, V. T. Soccol, L. P. D. S. Vandenberghe, G. V. D. M. Pereira, and C. R. Soccol. 2024. “From Lab to Table: The Path of Recombinant Milk Proteins in Transforming Dairy Production.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 149: 104562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104562. Pinckaers, P. J. M., J. Trommelen, T. Snijders, and L. J. C. Van Loon. 2021. “The Anabolic Response to Plant‐Based Protein Ingestion.” Sports Medicine 51, no. S1: 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279‐021‐01540‐8. Post, M. J. 2014. “Cultured Beef: Medical Technology to Produce Food.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 94, no. 6: 1039–1041. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6474. Potter, R. I., C. A. Warren, J. Lee, and C. F. Ross. 2024. “Comparative Assessment of Riesling Wine Fault Development by the Electronic Tongue and a Sensory Panel.” Journal of Food Science 89, no. 5: 3006–3018. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750‐3841.17036. Pradana‐López, S., A. M. Pérez‐Calabuig, J. C. Cancilla, et al. 2021. “Deep Transfer Learning to Verify Quality and Safety of Ground Coffee.” Food Control 122: 107801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107801. Pressley, S. R., A. S. McGill, B. Luu, and S. Atsumi. 2024. “Recent Advances in the Microbial Production of Human Milk Oligosaccharides.” Current Opinion in Food Science 57: 101154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2024.101154. Qiu, L., M. Zhang, B. Bhandari, B. Chitrakar, and L. Chang. 2023. “Investigation of 3D Printing of Apple and Edible Rose Blends as a Dysphagia Food.” Food Hydrocolloids 135: 108184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108184. Quek, J. P., A. A. Gaffoor, Y. X. Tan, et al. 2024. “Exploring Cost Reduction Strategies for Serum Free Media Development.” Npj Science of Food 8, no. 1: 107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538‐024‐00352‐0. Rai, A., V. K. Sharma, M. Sharma, et al. 2023. “A Global Perspective on a New Paradigm Shift in Bio‐Based Meat Alternatives for Healthy Diet.” Food Research International 169: 112935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112935. Ramsing, R., R. Santo, B. F. Kim, et al. 2023. “Dairy and Plant‐Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health.” Current Environmental Health Reports 10, no. 3: 291–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572‐023‐00400‐z. Rashidi Karambasti, P., and N. Shavisi. 2024. “Development of Guar Gum‐Pectin Nanofiber Mats Containing Papaver rhoeas Petal Anthocyanins and Cellulose Nanocrystals for Real‐Time Visual Detection of Lamb Meat Freshness.” LWT 194: 115786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2024.115786. Rathnayake, D., J. M. Nadolny, Y. Sultanbawa, and H. E. Smyth. 2025. “Then, Now, and Next: A Systematic Review of Colour Development in Plant‐Based Meat Analogues Through Natural Colourants.” Journal of Future Foods In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfutfo.2025.08.017. Reyes‐Jurado, F., N. Soto‐Reyes, M. Dávila‐Rodríguez, et al. 2023. “Plant‐Based Milk Alternatives: Types, Processes, Benefits, and Characteristics.” Food Reviews International 39, no. 4: 2320–2351. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.1952421. Rodrigues, D. R., W. D. Fragoso, and S. G. Lemos. 2021. “Electronic Tongue Based on a Single Impedimetric Sensor and Complex Numbers‐Supervised Pattern Recognition.” Electrochimica Acta 397: 139312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139312. Ruzi, M., N. Celik, and M. S. Onses. 2022. “Superhydrophobic Coatings for Food Packaging Applications: A Review.” Food Packaging and Shelf Life 32: 100823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100823. Ryu, K. K., Y. K. Kang, E. W. Jeong, Y. Baek, K. Y. Lee, and H. G. Lee. 2023. “Applications of Various Natural Pigments to a Plant‐Based Meat Analog.” LWT 174: 114431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114431. Sahin, F., N. Celik, A. Ceylan, S. Pekdemir, M. Ruzi, and M. S. Onses. 2022. “Antifouling Superhydrophobic Surfaces With Bactericidal and SERS Activity.” Chemical Engineering Journal 431: 133445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133445. Sai, F., H. Zhang, J. Qu, et al. 2022. “Multifunctional Waterborne Polyurethane Films: Amine‐Response, Thermal‐Driven Self‐Healing and Recyclability.” Applied Surface Science 573: 151526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151526. Sakai, K., Y. Sato, M. Okada, and S. Yamaguchi. 2022. “Synergistic Effects of Laccase and Pectin on the Color Changes and Functional Properties of Meat Analogs Containing Beet Red Pigment.” Scientific Reports 12, no. 1: 1168. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598‐022‐05091‐4. Saki, N., M. Ghaffari, and M. Nikoo. 2023. “Effect of Active Ice Nucleation Bacteria on Freezing and the Properties of Surimi During Frozen Storage.” LWT 176: 114548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114548. Shao, P., L. Liu, J. Yu, et al. 2021. “An Overview of Intelligent Freshness Indicator Packaging for Food Quality and Safety Monitoring.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 118: 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.012. Sharma, N., N. Yeasmen, L. Dubé, and V. Orsat. 2024. “A Review on Current Scenario and Key Challenges of Plant‐Based Functional Beverages.” Food Bioscience 60: 104320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104320. Sheridan, C. 2021. “Club‐Goers Take First Bites of Lab‐Made Chicken.” Nature Biotechnology 39, no. 3: 251–254. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587‐021‐00850‐6. Sirirutbunkajal, P., C. Winotapun, P. Wijaranakul, W. Rungseesantivanon, K. Singkronart, and B. Hararak. 2025. “Organic Superhydrophobic Coatings for Slippery, Sustainable Packaging From Lignin and Natural Waxes.” Food Packaging and Shelf Life 52: 101649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2025.101649. Sistani, S., and H. Shekarchizadeh. 2025. “Recent Trends and Advances in Biopolymer‐Based Self‐Healing Materials for Smart Food Packaging: A Review.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 312: 144130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144130. Smith, D. J., M. Helmy, N. D. Lindley, and K. Selvarajoo. 2022. “The Transformation of Our Food System Using Cellular Agriculture: What Lies Ahead and Who Will Lead It?” Trends in Food Science & Technology 127: 368–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.015. Smith, N. W., A. C. Dave, J. P. Hill, and W. C. McNabb. 2022. “Nutritional Assessment of Plant‐Based Beverages in Comparison to Bovine Milk.” Frontiers in Nutrition 9: 957486. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.957486. Song, D. H., M. Kim, E.‐S. Jin, et al. 2019. “Cryoprotective Effect of an Antifreeze Protein Purified From Tenebrio molitor Larvae on Vegetables.” Food Hydrocolloids 94: 585–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.007. Song, R., C. Jiang, J. Zhu, et al. 2023. “Expression of Ice Nucleation Protein in Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens and Its Application in Food Freezing Process.” Foods 12, no. 21: 3896. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12213896. Sorgato, M., P. Brun, E. Savio, and G. Lucchetta. 2023. “A Process Chain for the Mass Production of Nanopatterned Bactericidal Plastic Parts.” CIRP Annals 72, no. 1: 477–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2023.04.014. Stout, A. J., M. J. Arnett, K. Chai, et al. 2023. “Immortalized Bovine Satellite Cells for Cultured Meat Applications.” ACS Synthetic Biology 12, no. 5: 1567–1573. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.3c00216. Su, T., B. Le, W. Zhang, et al. 2024. “Technological Challenges and Future Perspectives of Plant‐Based Meat Analogues: From the Viewpoint of Proteins.” Food Research International 186: 114351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114351. Sujitha, P., and C. Shanthi. 2023. “Importance of Enzyme Specificity and Stability for the Application of Proteases in Greener Industrial Processing—A Review.” Journal of Cleaner Production 425: 138915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138915. Sun, L., Z. Zhu, and D.‐W. Sun. 2023. “Regulating Ice Formation for Enhancing Frozen Food Quality: Materials, Mechanisms and Challenges.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 139: 104116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2023.07.013. Suryamiharja, A., X. Gong, and H. Zhou. 2024. “Towards More Sustainable, Nutritious, and Affordable Plant‐Based Milk Alternatives: A Critical Review.” Sustainable Food Proteins 2, no. 4: 250–267. https://doi.org/10.1002/sfp2.1040. Subrahmanya, T. M., A. B. Arshad, P. T. Lin, et al. 2021. “A Review of Recent Progress in Polymeric Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes in Addressing Safe Water Global Issues.” RSC Advances 11, no. 16: 9638–9663. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA00060H. Tan, J., and J. Xu. 2020. “Applications of Electronic Nose (e‐Nose) and Electronic Tongue (e‐Tongue) in Food Quality‐Related Properties Determination: A Review.” Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 4: 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aiia.2020.06.003. Tangyu, M., J. Muller, C. J. Bolten, and C. Wittmann. 2019. “Fermentation of Plant‐Based Milk Alternatives for Improved Flavour and Nutritional Value.” Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103, no. 23–24: 9263–9275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253‐019‐10175‐9. Thakur, V., and B. K. Satapathy. 2023. “Electrospun Nanofibrous Mat‐on‐Film Bilayered Halochromic Freshness Marker‐Enabled Intelligent Food Packaging Film Based on Red Cabbage Anthocyanins.” ACS Food Science & Technology 3, no. 12: 2094–2107. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.3c00352. Thrower, T., S. E. Riley, S. Lee, C. L. Esteves, and F. X. Donadeu. 2025. “A Unique Spontaneously Immortalised Cell Line From Pig With Enhanced Adipogenic Capacity.” Npj Science of Food 9, no. 1: 52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538‐025‐00413‐y. Tian, H., J. Xiong, S. Chen, et al. 2023. “Rapid Identification of Adulteration in Raw Bovine Milk With Soymilk by Electronic Nose and Headspace‐Gas Chromatography Ion‐Mobility Spectrometry.” Food Chemistry: X 18: 100696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100696. Ünal, Z., T. Kızıldeniz, M. Özden, H. Aktaş, and Ö. Karagöz. 2024. “Detection of Bruises on Red Apples Using Deep Learning Models.” Scientia Horticulturae 329: 113021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113021. Verbrugghe, N., E. Rubinacci, and A. Z. Khan. 2023. “Biomimicry in Architecture: A Review of Definitions, Case Studies, and Design Methods.” Biomimetics 8, no. 1: 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010107. Wan, T., Z. Liang, F. Fan, J. Qiu, C. Liu, and X. Wang. 2026. “A Machine Vision‐Coupled Colorimetric Electrospun Nanofiber Film for On‐Site TVB‐N Prediction and Freshness Grading of Pork.” Food Control 183: 111953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111953. Wang, D., J. Guo, Y. Wang, et al. 2023. “Whey Protein Isolate Nanofibrils as Emulsifying Agent to Improve Printability of Cheddar Cheese for 3D Printing.” Food Hydrocolloids 142: 108807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108807. Wang, F., R. C. Urquizo, P. Roberts, et al. 2023. “Biologically Inspired Robotic Perception‐Action for Soft Fruit Harvesting in Vertical Growing Environments.” Precision Agriculture 24, no. 3: 1072–1096. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119‐023‐10000‐4. Wang, J., Q. Gao, F. Zhao, and J. Ju. 2024. “Repair Mechanism and Application of Self‐Healing Materials for Food Preservation.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 64, no. 30: 11113–11123. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2232877. Wang, J., L. Zhu, W. Zhang, and Z. Wei. 2019. “Application of the Voltammetric Electronic Tongue Based on Nanocomposite Modified Electrodes for Identifying Rice Wines of Different Geographical Origins.” Analytica Chimica Acta 1050: 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.016. Wang, L., J. Xie, Q. Wang, et al. 2024. “Evaluation of the Quality Grade of Congou Black Tea by the Fusion of GC‐E‐Nose, E‐Tongue, and E‐Eye.” Food Chemistry: X 23: 101519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101519. Wang, N., R. Li, X. Wang, and X. Yang. 2024. “4D Food Printing: Key Factors and Optimization Strategies.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 145: 104380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104380. Wang, S., R. Zhu, Z. Huang, M. Zheng, X. Yao, and X. Jiang. 2023. “Synergetic Application of Thermal Imaging and CCD Imaging Techniques to Detect Mutton Adulteration Based on Data‐Level Fusion and Deep Residual Network.” Meat Science 204: 109281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109281. Wang, Y., W. Cai, L. Li, Y. Gao, and K. Lai. 2023. “Recent Advances in the Processing and Manufacturing of Plant‐Based Meat.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 71, no. 3: 1276–1290. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07247. Wang, Y., F. Tuccillo, A. Lampi, et al. 2022. “Flavor Challenges in Extruded Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives: A Review.” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 21, no. 3: 2898–2929. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541‐4337.12964. Wang, Z., K. Or, and S. Hirai. 2020. “A Dual‐Mode Soft Gripper for Food Packaging.” Robotics and Autonomous Systems 125: 103427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2020.103427. Wierzchowski, K., and M. Pilarek. 2024. “Mass Transfer Characteristics in Disposable Rocking Bioreactors: A Critical Review and Quantitative Data Catalogue.” Chemical Engineering Journal 499: 155966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.155966. Wijaya, D. R., R. Sarno, and E. Zulaika. 2021. “DWTLSTM for Electronic Nose Signal Processing in Beef Quality Monitoring.” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 326: 128931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128931. Wilson, M. D., I. G. Hunt, S. M. Sawyer, C. Kocharunchitt, Z. Li, and R. A. Stanley. 2025. “Electronic Tongue Measurements as a Predictor for Sensory Properties of Vacuum‐Packed Minced Beef—A Preliminary Study.” Meat Science 220: 109705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109705. Wu, R., J. Jiang, F. An, X. Ma, and J. Wu. 2024. “Research Progress of 3D Printing Technology in Functional Food, Powering the Future of Food.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 149: 104545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104545. Wu, X., and K. Toko. 2023. “Taste Sensor With Multiarray Lipid/Polymer Membranes.” TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 158: 116874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116874. Wu, X., C. Zhang, S. Yu, J. Chen, and J. Zhou. 2023. “Improving the Cryoprotective Effect of Antifreeze Proteins From Daucus carota on Plant‐Based Meat by Eliminating N‐Glycosylation.” Food Research International 164: 112392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112392. Wüst, R., L. Terrie, T. Müntefering, T. Ruck, and L. Thorrez. 2022. “Efficient Co‐Isolation of Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Satellite Cell‐Derived Myoblasts From Human Skeletal Muscle.” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10: 964705. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.964705. Xiao, S., S. Hu, K. Zhu, et al. 2024. “Recent Advances, Challenges and Functional Applications of Antifreeze Protein in Food Industry.” International Journal of Food Science & Technology 59, no. 3: 1169–1186. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.16878. Xiao, Y., Y. Li, G. Cui, H. Zhang, and W. Zhang. 2025. “A Systematic Review of Multimodal Fusion Technologies for Food Quality and Safety Assessment: Recent Advances and Future Trends.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 164: 105277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105277. Xie, Y., Y. Pan, and P. Cai. 2022. “Cellulose‐Based Antimicrobial Films Incroporated With ZnO Nanopillars on Surface as Biodegradable and Antimicrobial Packaging.” Food Chemistry 368: 130784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130784. Xie, Y., K. Zhou, L. Tan, et al. 2023. “Coexisting With Ice Crystals: Cryogenic Preservation of Muscle Food─Mechanisms, Challenges, and Cutting‐Edge Strategies.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 71, no. 49: 19221–19239. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06155. Xin, Y., X. Zhou, H. Bark, and P. S. Lee. 2024. “The Role of 3D Printing Technologies in Soft Grippers.” Advanced Materials 36, no. 34: 2307963. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202307963. Xu, C., S. Zhou, H. Song, et al. 2023. “Green Tea Polyphenols‐Derived Hybrid Materials in Manufacturing, Environment, Food and Healthcare.” Nano Today 52: 101990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2023.101990. Xu, M., D. Fang, C. Shi, et al. 2025. “Anthocyanin‐Loaded Polylactic Acid/Quaternized Chitosan Electrospun Nanofiber as an Intelligent and Active Packaging Film in Blueberry Preservation.” Food Hydrocolloids 158: 110586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.110586. Xu, M., J. Wang, and L. Zhu. 2019. “The Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Tea Quality Based on E‐Nose, E‐Tongue and E‐Eye Combined With Chemometrics.” Food Chemistry 289: 482–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.080. Yakubu, H. G., Z. Kovacs, T. Toth, and G. Bazar. 2023. “Trends in Artificial Aroma Sensing by Means of Electronic Nose Technologies to Advance Dairy Production—A Review.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 63, no. 2: 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1945533. Yang, Y., J. Ren, C. Luo, R. Yuan, and L. Ge. 2020. “Fabrication of L‐Menthol Contained Edible Self‐Healing Coating Based on Guest‐Host Interaction.” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 597: 124743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124743. Yart, L., A. W. Wijaya, M. J. Lima, et al. 2023. “Cellular Agriculture for Milk Bioactive Production.” Nature Reviews Bioengineering 1, no. 11: 858–874. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222‐023‐00112‐x. Ye, M., Z. Tian, S. Wang, X. Ji, D. Wang, and X. Ci. 2023. “Simple Preparation of Environmentally Friendly and Durable Superhydrophobic Antibacterial Paper.” Cellulose 30, no. 4: 2427–2440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570‐022‐04957‐0. Yin, T., Z. Yang, N. Miao, et al. 2021. “Development of a Remote Electronic Tongue System Combined With the VMD‐HT Feature Extraction Method for Honey Botanical Origin Authentication.” Measurement 171: 108555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108555. Yu, K., L. Yang, S. Zhang, N. Zhang, and H. Liu. 2024. “Strong, Tough Self‐Healing Multi‐Functional Sodium Alginate‐Based Edible Composite Coating for Banana Preservation.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 281: 136191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136191. Yuan, Y., J. Chen, K. Polat, and A. Alhudhaif. 2024. “An Innovative Approach to Detecting the Freshness of Fruits and Vegetables Through the Integration of Convolutional Neural Networks and Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory Network.” Current Research in Food Science 8: 100723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100723. Zeltzer, P., D. Moyer, and T. Philibeck. 2022. “Graduate Student Literature Review: Labeling Challenges of Plant‐Based Dairy‐Like Products for Consumers and Dairy Manufacturers.” Journal of Dairy Science 105, no. 12: 9488–9495. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022‐21924. Zhang, H., Y. Lin, S. Cao, J.‐H. Cheng, and X.‐A. Zeng. 2025. “Artificial Intelligence Boosting Multi‐Dimensional Information Fusion: Data Collection, Processing and Modeling for Food Quality and Safety Assessment.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 163: 105138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105138. Zhang, J., M. Li, Y. Zhang, et al. 2023. “E‐Eye, Flash GC E‐Nose and HS‐GC‐MS Combined With Chemometrics to Identify the Adulterants and Geographical Origins of Ziziphi spinosae Semen.” Food Chemistry 424: 136270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136270. Zhang, L., Y. Hu, I. H. Badar, X. Xia, B. Kong, and Q. Chen. 2021. “Prospects of Artificial Meat: Opportunities and Challenges Around Consumer Acceptance.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 116: 434–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.010. Zhang, X., M. Guo, B. B. Ismail, Q. He, T. Z. Jin, and D. Liu. 2021. “Informative and Corrective Responsive Packaging: Advances in Farm‐to‐Fork Monitoring and Remediation of Food Quality and Safety.” Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20, no. 5: 5258–5282. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541‐4337.12807. Zhao, D., L. Huang, H. Li, et al. 2022. “Ingredients and Process Affect the Structural Quality of Recombinant Plant‐Based Meat Alternatives and Their Components.” Foods 11, no. 15: 2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152202. Zhao, Y., T. Li, J. Zhao, et al. 2025. “Effects of Sea Buckthorn Residue Protein Hydrolysate on the Quality of Frozen Pre‐Baked Bread: Water state and Gluten Structures.” Food Hydrocolloids 167: 111404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2025.111404. Zhao, Y., S. Zhou, X. Xia, et al. 2022. “High‐Performance Carboxymethyl Cellulose‐Based Hydrogel Film for Food Packaging and Preservation System.” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 223: 1126–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.102. Zhao, Z., R. Wang, M. Liu, L. Bai, and Y. Sun. 2025. “Application of Machine Vision in Food Computing: A Review.” Food Chemistry 463: 141238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141238. Zhong, J., D. J. McClements, K. He, et al. 2025. “Innovative Applications of Bio‐Inspired Technology in Bio‐Based Food Packaging.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 65: 6737–6750. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2025.2450524. Zhou, H., X. Wang, W. Au, H. Kang, and C. Chen. 2022. “Intelligent Robots for Fruit Harvesting: Recent Developments and Future Challenges.” Precision Agriculture 23, no. 5: 1856–1907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119‐022‐09913‐3. Zhu, L., P. Spachos, E. Pensini, and K. N. Plataniotis. 2021. “Deep Learning and Machine Vision for Food Processing: A Survey.” Current Research in Food Science 4: 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.009. Zhu, S., P. Vazquez Ramos, O. R. Heckert, M. Stieger, A. J. Van Der Goot, and M. Schutyser. 2022. “Creating Protein‐Rich Snack Foods Using Binder Jet 3D Printing.” Journal of Food Engineering 332: 111124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111124. Ziani, I., H. Bouakline, A. El Guerraf, A. El Bachiri, Marie‐Laure Fauconnier, and F. Sher. 2025. “Integrating AI and Advanced Spectroscopic Techniques for Precision Food Safety and Quality Control.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 156: 104850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2024.104850. Zollman Thomas, O., and C. Bryant. 2021. “Don't Have a Cow, Man: Consumer Acceptance of Animal‐Free Dairy Products in Five Countries.” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5: 678491. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.678491. Zuo, J., J. Feng, M. G. Gameiro, et al. 2022. “RFID‐Based Sensing in Smart Packaging for Food Applications: A Review.” Future Foods 6: 100198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100198. |
| Grant Information: | 32572657 National Natural Science Foundation of China; 2024M760839 China Postdoctoral Science Foundation |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: biomimetic food; biomimetic technology; food freezing; food packaging; food processing; food quality inspection |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260529 Date Completed: 20260717 Latest Revision: 20260717 |
| Update Code: | 20260717 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/1541-4337.70491 |
| PMID: | 42212410 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1541-4337 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1111/1541-4337.70491 |